Unit 8 – Monitoring and control
Vocabulary pp 62-63 – Describing automated systems
The definitions and sample sentences:
1. Automate (v)
•English Definition: To use machines, computers, or technology to do a job that was previously done by people.
•Turkish Meaning: İnsanlar tarafından yapılan bir işi makine, bilgisayar veya teknoloji kullanarak yapmak.
•Sample Sentence: Engineers automate the production line to increase efficiency.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Mühendisler, verimliliği artırmak için üretim hattını otomatikleştirir.
2. Automation (n)
•English Definition: The use of machines, computers, or technology to control a process.
•Turkish Meaning: Bir süreci kontrol etmek için makine, bilgisayar veya teknolojinin kullanılması.
•Sample Sentence: Automation in the factory has reduced the need for manual labor.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Fabrikadaki otomasyon, manuel iş gücü ihtiyacını azalttı.
3. Automated (adj)
•English Definition: Controlled by machines, computers, or technology rather than by people.
•Turkish Meaning: İnsanlar yerine makine, bilgisayar veya teknoloji tarafından kontrol edilen.
•Sample Sentence: The automated system manages the entire process without human intervention.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Otomatik sistem, insan müdahalesi olmadan tüm süreci yönetir.
4. Autonomous (adj)
•English Definition: Able to operate independently without direct human control.
•Turkish Meaning: Doğrudan insan kontrolü olmadan bağımsız bir şekilde çalışabilen.
•Sample Sentence: The autonomous robot can navigate through the factory on its own.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Otonom robot, fabrikada kendi başına hareket edebilir.
5. Autonomously (adv)
•English Definition: In a way that allows operation or decision-making without human control.
•Turkish Meaning: İnsan kontrolü olmadan işlem yapma veya karar verme yetkisiyle.
•Sample Sentence: The vehicle operates autonomously, making its own decisions on the road.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Araç, yolda kendi kararlarını alarak bağımsız bir şekilde çalışır.
6. Manual (adj)
•English Definition: Operated by people rather than by a machine or computer.
•Turkish Meaning: Makine veya bilgisayar yerine insanlar tarafından işletilen.
•Sample Sentence: Manual tools are still essential in certain engineering tasks.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Manuel araçlar, bazı mühendislik görevlerinde hala önemlidir.
7. Centralised (adj)
•English Definition: Controlled from a single, central point.
•Turkish Meaning: Tek, merkezi bir noktadan kontrol edilen.
•Sample Sentence: The centralised heating system is more efficient for large buildings.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Merkezi ısıtma sistemi, büyük binalar için daha verimlidir.
8. Green-oriented (adj)
•English Definition: Focused on or prioritizing environmental sustainability.
•Turkish Meaning: Çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe odaklanan veya onu önceliklendiren.
•Sample Sentence: Green-oriented designs are becoming more popular in engineering.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Çevreye duyarlı tasarımlar mühendislikte daha popüler hale geliyor.
9. Solar Radiation (n)
•English Definition: The heat and light that come from the sun.
•Turkish Meaning: Güneşten gelen ısı ve ışık.
•Sample Sentence: Solar radiation is a key factor in designing solar panels.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Güneş ışınımı, güneş panelleri tasarlarken ana faktördür.
10. Parameter (n)
•English Definition: A set of measurable factors that define a system or set its conditions.
•Turkish Meaning: Bir sistemi tanımlayan veya koşullarını belirleyen ölçülebilir faktörler seti.
•Sample Sentence: Engineers adjust the parameters to optimize the machine's performance.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Mühendisler, makinenin performansını optimize etmek için parametreleri ayarlar.
11. Pick up (v)
•English Definition: To detect or receive a signal or information.
•Turkish Meaning: Bir sinyali veya bilgiyi algılamak veya almak.
•Sample Sentence: The sensor can pick up even the slightest changes in temperature.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Sensör, en küçük sıcaklık değişikliklerini bile algılayabilir.
12. Trigger (v)
•English Definition: To cause a process or action to start.
•Turkish Meaning: Bir süreci veya eylemi başlatmak.
•Sample Sentence: The alarm system is triggered by any unauthorized entry.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Alarm sistemi, herhangi bir yetkisiz girişle tetiklenir.
13. Convector (n)
•English Definition: A device that is designed to circulate and distribute heat in a room.
•Turkish Meaning: Bir odadaki ısıyı dolaştırmak ve dağıtmak için tasarlanmış cihaz.
•Sample Sentence: The convector efficiently spreads warmth throughout the space.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Konvektör, ısıyı alana etkili bir şekilde yayıyor.
14. Convection (n)
•English Definition: The movement of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion.
•Turkish Meaning: Moleküler hareket nedeniyle bir sıvı (sıvı veya gaz) içinde ısının hareketi.
•Sample Sentence: Convection plays a crucial role in the earth's atmospheric phenomena.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Konveksiyon, dünyanın atmosferik olaylarında hayati bir rol oynar.
15. Assumption (n)
•English Definition: Something that is accepted as true without proof.
•Turkish Meaning: Kanıt olmadan doğru kabul edilen bir şey.
•Sample Sentence: Engineers often make assumptions to simplify complex calculations.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Mühendisler, karmaşık hesaplamaları basitleştirmek için sık sık varsayımlarda bulunurlar.
16. Practicality (n)
•English Definition: The quality of being useful in real situations.
•Turkish Meaning: Gerçek durumlarda kullanışlı olma özelliği.
•Sample Sentence: The practicality of the design is its biggest advantage.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Tasarımın kullanışlılığı en büyük avantajıdır.
17. Old-fashioned (adj)
•English Definition: Not modern; out of date.
•Turkish Meaning: Modern olmayan; modası geçmiş.
•Sample Sentence: Some old-fashioned techniques are still valuable in today's engineering.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Bazı modası geçmiş teknikler, günümüz mühendisliğinde hala değerlidir.
18. Hi-tech gadget (n)
•English Definition: A modern, advanced technological device.
•Turkish Meaning: Modern, ileri teknolojiye sahip bir cihaz.
•Sample Sentence: Engineers are always looking for the latest hi-tech gadgets to improve their work.
•Turkish Translation of the Sentence: Mühendisler, işlerini geliştirmek için her zaman en yeni yüksek teknolojili cihazları ararlar.
Read the text below and answer the questions (B1 level)
The Evolution of Automation in Engineering
In the realm of engineering, the journey from manual labor to automation has been transformative, paving the way for innovations that were once considered the stuff of science fiction. This evolution has not only reshaped industries but also the very fabric of modern society. Let's explore how automation has become an integral part of the engineering world, and how it continues to shape the future.
Long ago, engineering tasks were predominantly manual, requiring physical labor and the use of simple tools. Workers spent hours on repetitive tasks, with efficiency and productivity limited by human endurance and precision. However, the introduction of machines marked the first step toward automation, a movement that would eventually lead to the autonomous systems we see today.
Automation, the process of using technology to perform tasks without human intervention, began with simple machines and has advanced to complex computer algorithms and robotics. Early automated systems were basic and often required some form of manual oversight. Yet, as technology progressed, these systems became increasingly sophisticated, capable of performing complex tasks with remarkable accuracy and speed.
The advent of automated machinery revolutionized industries, allowing for the mass production of goods at unprecedented rates. This shift not only boosted productivity but also reduced the cost of products, making them more accessible to the general public. Furthermore, automation improved workplace safety by taking over dangerous tasks previously performed by humans.
In recent years, the concept of autonomy has taken automation a step further. Autonomous vehicles and drones, for example, can operate independently, navigating and making decisions without human guidance. This level of independence is made possible by advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, allowing machines to learn from data and improve over time.
However, the transition to automation and autonomy has not been without challenges. Concerns over job displacement and the ethical implications of autonomous decision-making have sparked debates. Despite these concerns, the potential benefits of automation in engineering—increased efficiency, safety, and innovation—continue to drive its development.
Centralised control systems have become a backbone of modern automation, enabling the management of complex operations from a single location. This approach ensures consistency, reduces errors, and simplifies the coordination of multifaceted processes.
In parallel, the rise of green-oriented engineering practices reflects a growing recognition of the importance of sustainability. Automated systems are increasingly designed with environmental impact in mind, optimizing energy use and reducing waste. For instance, the use of solar radiation as a clean energy source has been boosted by automated technologies that maximize efficiency and output.
The future of engineering lies in the balance between advancing automation and addressing the ethical, social, and environmental concerns it brings. As engineers continue to push the boundaries of what's possible, they must also consider the broader implications of their work, ensuring that the march of progress benefits society as a whole.
In conclusion, the evolution of automation in engineering is a testament to human ingenuity and the relentless pursuit of improvement. As we stand on the brink of a future where automation extends into every corner of our lives, it's clear that the journey of innovation is far from over. The next chapters of this story will undoubtedly be as fascinating as those that have come before, shaped by the dreams and dedication of engineers around the world.
1.What has automation primarily changed in the realm of engineering?
A) The need for physical labor B) The speed of production
C) The reliance on simple tools D) All of the above
2.Early automated systems were characterized by:
A) The ability to operate without any human oversight
B) The requirement for some form of manual oversight
C) The use of artificial intelligence
D) Their ability to learn and improve over time
3.Autonomous vehicles and drones are capable of:
A) Operating with constant human guidance B) Performing simple tasks only
C) Operating independently without human guidance D) Functioning without any form of technology
4.What advancements have enabled the autonomy of machines?
A) Artificial intelligence and machine learning B) Basic machine algorithms
C) Manual oversight D) Simple mechanical parts
5.Centralised control systems in automation are important for:
A) Increasing errors B) Reducing consistency
C) Ensuring consistency and reducing errors D) Complicating the coordination of processes
6.Green-oriented engineering practices prioritize:
A) Maximizing energy use B) Environmental sustainability
C) Increasing product costs D) Reducing automation
7.What is a major challenge facing the future of automation in engineering?
A) Stopping the advancement of technology
B) Ignoring ethical, social, and environmental concerns
C) Decreasing innovation
D) Addressing ethical, social, and environmental concerns
8.What ensures the march of progress in automation benefits society as a whole?
A) Considering the broader implications of engineering work
B) Focusing solely on technological advancement
C) Increasing the complexity of automated systems
D) Reducing the use of autonomous systems
Answers and Explanations:
1.Correct Answer: D) All of the above
•Explanation: Automation has significantly changed the engineering realm by reducing the need for physical labor, speeding up production processes, and diminishing the reliance on simple manual tools. The text discusses how automation transitioned tasks from being manually intensive to being efficiently executed by machines or technology.
2.Correct Answer: B) The requirement for some form of manual oversight
•Explanation: Early automated systems, while innovative, often required manual oversight to ensure proper operation. This is in contrast to later developments in automation that enable systems to operate with minimal or no human intervention.
3.Correct Answer: C) Operating independently without human guidance
•Explanation: The text highlights the capabilities of autonomous vehicles and drones to operate independently, navigating and making decisions without the need for human input, showcasing a major advancement in automation technology.
4.Correct Answer: A) Artificial intelligence and machine learning
•Explanation: Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are the key technologies enabling machines to operate autonomously. These technologies allow machines to learn from data and improve their performance over time without direct human intervention.
5.Correct Answer: C) Ensuring consistency and reducing errors
•Explanation: Centralized control systems are crucial in modern automation because they allow for the management of complex operations from a single point. This approach ensures consistency across the process and minimizes errors, leading to more efficient and reliable operations.
6.Correct Answer: B) Environmental sustainability
•Explanation: The text mentions the rise of green-oriented engineering practices, which prioritize environmental sustainability. These practices aim to minimize the environmental impact of engineering projects and operations, focusing on sustainability.
7.Correct Answer: D) Addressing ethical, social, and environmental concerns
•Explanation: The future of automation in engineering is challenged by the need to address various concerns, including ethical, social, and environmental issues. The text emphasizes the importance of considering these broader implications to ensure that technological advancements benefit society as a whole.
8.Correct Answer: A) Considering the broader implications of engineering work
•Explanation: Ensuring that the progress in automation benefits society requires engineers to consider the broader implications of their work. This includes thinking about how technological advancements impact not just efficiency and productivity but also ethical, social, and environmental factors.
Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word from the options given:
1. To increase efficiency, the company decided to _______ the entire production process.
A) manual B) automate C) assumption D) trigger
2. The development of _______ technology allows vehicles to operate without human drivers.
A) efficient B) manual C) autonomous D) old-fashioned
3. Our new _______ system can adjust the indoor temperature by circulating warm air.
A) convector B) parameter C) solar radiation D) practicality
4. The engineering team focuses on _______ solutions to minimize environmental impact.
A) centralised B) green-oriented C) old-fashioned D) automated
7
5. To start the machine, you need to _______ the switch located on the back panel.
A) pick up B) automate C) trigger D) assume
6. The project's _______ was questioned, as there were doubts about its effectiveness in real-world applications.
A) assumption B) practicality C) automation D) convection
7. Despite advancements in technology, some engineers still prefer _______ tools for certain precision tasks.
A) automated B) autonomous C) old-fashioned D) manual
8. The team decided to implement a more _______ approach to control all the subsystems from a single location.
A) autonomous B) manual C) centralised D) green-oriented
9. In our latest project, we are utilizing a _______ to efficiently convert solar energy into electricity.
A) hi-tech gadget B) solar radiation C) parameter D) convector
Answer key: 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. b 7. d 8. c 9. a
Read the paragraph and fill in the blanks with the correct words below.
a. trigger b. measurement c. sense d. regulate e. detector
In the world of engineering, precise 1)……………………. is fundamental to ensuring the accuracy and reliability of various systems. A 2)……………………. plays a crucial role in this context, as it is designed to 3)…………………. changes in the environment or within a system itself. Once a change is picked up, the system can then 4)……………….. an appropriate response, whether it's to alert users or to 5)………………….. the system's operation. This process ensures that everything from manufacturing processes to climate control systems operates smoothly, maintaining optimal conditions and safeguarding against potential issues. By integrating these key components, engineers can create sophisticated systems capable of adapting to and managing complex scenarios.
Answer key: 1. b 2. e 3. c 4. a 5. d
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