Unit 7 – Procedures and precautions
Vocabulary pp 54-55 – Describing health and safety precautions
The definitions and sample sentences:
1. Precaution (n.) - Önlem (n.)
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Definition: A measure taken in advance to prevent harm or danger.
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Sample Sentence: "As a precaution, the engineer wore safety goggles while working with the machinery." - "Önlem olarak, mühendis makine ile çalışırken emniyet gözlüğü taktı."
2. Regulation (n.) - Yönetmelik (n.)
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Definition: A rule or law governing how something is done.
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Sample Sentence: "The building regulations require fire exits to be clearly marked." - "İmar yönetmeliği, yangın çıkışlarının açıkça işaretlenmesini gerektirir."
3. Standards (n.) - Standartlar (n.)
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Definition: A level of quality or achievement that is considered acceptable.
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Sample Sentence: "The product must meet the safety standards set by the international organization." - "Ürün, uluslararası kuruluş tarafından belirlenen güvenlik standartlarını karşılamalıdır."
4. Instruction (n.) - Talimat (n.)
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Definition: An explanation or order on how to do something.
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Sample Sentence: "The operator carefully followed the instructions for operating the machine." - "Operatör, makineyi çalıştırmak için talimatları dikkatlice takip etti."
5. Notice (n.) - Uyarı (n.)
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Definition: A formal warning or announcement.
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Sample Sentence: "A notice was posted on the door warning of the presence of hazardous materials." - "Kapıya tehlikeli maddelerin varlığı konusunda uyaran bir uyarı yazısı asıldı."
6. Cast (v.) - Dökmek (v.)
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Definition: To pour molten metal into a mold to create a desired shape.
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Sample Sentence: "The foundry workers cast the iron into molds to create car parts." - "Dökümhane çalışanları, araba parçaları oluşturmak için demiri kalıplara döktüler."
7. Casting (n.) - Döküm (n.)
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Definition: The process of casting metal or other materials.
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Sample Sentence: "Sand casting is a common method used to create complex shapes." - "Kum dökümü, karmaşık şekiller oluşturmak için kullanılan yaygın bir yöntemdir."
8. Asphyxiation (n.) - Boğulma (n.)
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Definition: The state of being deprived of oxygen, which can lead to death.
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Sample Sentence: "Confined spaces can pose a risk of asphyxiation if not properly ventilated." - "Dar alanlar, iyi havalandırılmadıkları takdirde boğulma riski oluşturabilir."
9. Machinery (n.) - Makine (n.)
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Definition: Machines and equipment used in industry and engineering.
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Sample Sentence: "Regular maintenance is essential for the safe operation of machinery." - "Makinelerin güvenli şekilde çalışması için düzenli bakım gereklidir."
10. Guards (n.) - Koruyucular (n.)
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Definition: Devices that protect people from injuries caused by machinery or other hazards.
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Sample Sentence: "Safety guards on machines prevent workers from getting their hands caught." - "Makinelerdeki güvenlik koruyucuları, çalışanların ellerinin sıkışmasını önler."
11. Access ways (n.) - Erişim yolları (n.)
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Definition: Paths or routes that allow people to enter and exit an area.
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Sample Sentence: "Emergency access ways should be clearly marked and free of obstructions." - "Acil durum erişim yolları açıkça işaretlenmeli ve engellerden arındırılmalıdır."
12. Guardrails (n.) - Korkuluklar (n.)
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Definition: Rails that are used to prevent people from falling from a height.
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Sample Sentence: "Guardrails are installed on balconies and walkways to prevent falls." - "Balkonlara ve yürüyüş yollarına düşmeyi önlemek için korkuluklar yerleştirilir."
13. Confined space (n.) - Kapalı alan (n.)
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Definition: A small or enclosed space that has limited entry and exit points and poor ventilation.
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Sample Sentence: "Working in confined spaces requires special precautions to avoid asphyxiation." - "Kapalı alanlarda çalışmak, boğulmayı önlemek için özel önlemler gerektirir."
14. Exposure (n.) - Maruziyet (n.)
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Definition: The state of being subjected to something, such as a hazard or substance.
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Sample Sentence: "Prolonged exposure to loud noise can damage hearing." - "Uzun süre yüksek sese maruz kalmak işitmeye zarar verebilir."
15. Ignition (n.) - Ateşleme (n.)
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Definition: The act of setting something on fire.
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Sample Sentence: "The spark from the welding torch caused the flammable material to ignite." - "Kaynak tabancasından çıkan kıvılcım, yanıcı malzemenin alev almasına neden oldu."
16. Irritant (adj.) - Tahriş edici (adj.)
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Definition: Causing irritation or discomfort.
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Sample Sentence: "Dust from certain materials can be an irritant to the respiratory system." - "Bazı malzemelerden çıkan toz, solunum sistemini tahriş edici olabilir."
17. Irritants (n.) - Tahriş edici maddeler (n.)
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Definition: Substances that cause irritation or discomfort.
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Sample Sentence: "Proper ventilation is necessary to prevent exposure to airborne irritants." - "Havadaki tahriş edici maddelere maruziyeti önlemek için uygun havalandırma gereklidir."
18. Flammable (adj.) - Yanıcı (adj.)
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Definition: Easily catching fire.
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Sample Sentence: "Flammable liquids must be stored in approved containers away from heat sources." - "Yanıcı sıvılar, ısı kaynaklarından uzakta onaylı kaplarda saklanmalıdır."
19. Flammables (n.) - Yanıcılar (n.)
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Definition: Flammable materials.
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Sample Sentence: "Always follow safety precautions when handling flammables." - "Yanıcıları kullanırken her zaman güvenlik önlemlerine uyun."
20. Corrosive (adj.) - Aşındırıcı (adj.)
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Definition: Capable of causing damage or erosion to materials.
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Sample Sentence: "Corrosive chemicals can damage metal surfaces." - "Aşındırıcı kimyasallar metal yüzeylere zarar verebilir."
21. Corrosives (n.) - Aşındırıcılar (n.)
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Definition: Corrosive substances.
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Sample Sentence: "Wear proper personal protective equipment when working with corrosives." - "Aşındırıcılarla çalışırken uygun kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanın."
22. Naked flames (n.) - Açık alevler (n.)
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Definition: Unshielded flames, such as those from a candle or Bunsen burner.
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Sample Sentence: "The use of naked flames is prohibited in areas where flammable materials are present." - "Yanıcı maddelerin bulunduğu alanlarda açık alev kullanımı yasaktır."
23. Spark (n.) - Kıvılcım (n.)
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Definition: A small, glowing particle ejected from burning material.
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Sample Sentence: "Sparks from electrical equipment can ignite flammable materials." - "Elektrikli ekipmandan çıkan kıvılcımlar yanıcı maddeleri tutuşturabilir."
24. Ventilation (n.) - Havalandırma (n.)
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Definition: The process of supplying or removing air from a space.
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Sample Sentence: "Proper ventilation is essential to maintain good air quality in workplaces." - "İş yerlerinde iyi hava kalitesini sağlamak için uygun havalandırma gereklidir."
25. Grain (n.) - Tahıl (n.)
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Definition: The small, hard seeds of cereal crops, such as wheat, corn, and rice.
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Sample Sentence: "Grains are stored in silos to protect them from moisture and spoilage." - "Tahıllar, nemden ve bozulmadan korumak için silolarda saklanır."
26. Silo (n.) - Silo (n.)
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Definition: A tall, cylindrical structure used to store bulk materials, such as grain, feed, or cement.
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Sample Sentence: "The silo collapsed due to the weight of the stored grain." - "Silolar, depolanan tahılın ağırlığı nedeniyle çöktü."
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the correct words.
1. A single ________ can ignite flammable gases.
A) grain B) spark C) guardrail D) instruction
2. Prolonged ________ to loud noise can lead to hearing loss.
A) exposure B) ignition C) instruction D) casting
3. ________ is a risk in poorly ventilated spaces.
A) Casting B) Regulation C) Asphyxiation D) Instruction
4. Machine ________ prevent workers from direct contact with moving parts.
A) notices B) instructions C) guards D) regulations
5. Engineers must take safety ________ when working on high-voltage equipment.
A) instructions B) regulations C) notices D) precautions
6. Follow the ________ manual carefully when assembling the machinery.
A) instruction B) regulation C) notice D) standard
7. Faulty wiring can cause ________ in flammable materials.
A) exposure B) casting C) ignition D) regulation
8. ________ are prohibited in areas storing flammable materials.
A) Guards B) Access ways C) Instructions D) Naked flames
9. Proper ________ is essential in workplaces to prevent asphyxiation hazards.
A) casting B) ventilation C) instruction D) regulation
10. Protective gloves are required when handling chemical ________.
A) flammables B) silos C) irritants D) grains
11. ________ chemicals must be handled with care to prevent injury.
A) Corrosive B) Grain C) Flammable D) Standard
12. Special precautions are necessary when working in a ________ space.
A) guarded B) standard C) confined D) noticed
Answer key: 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. d 6. a 7. c 8. d 9. b 10. c 11. a 12. c
Exercise 2: Read the text below and choose the correct answers.
Safety First: Working with Flammable Materials in a Confined Space
Working with flammable materials, such as gasoline or paint, requires precaution and adherence to safety regulations. These materials are easily ignited by sparks or naked flames, posing a significant fire hazard. To ensure safety, it's crucial to follow established standards and take necessary precautions.
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One common scenario where such precautions are essential is when working in a confined space like a storage tank. Confined spaces often have limited ventilation, increasing the risk of asphyxiation from fumes or reduced oxygen levels. Before entering a confined space, it's vital to check for the presence of flammables, corrosives, or other hazardous materials.
Proper ventilation is essential to prevent the buildup of harmful vapors and maintain good air quality. Additionally, access ways and guardrails should be readily available to ensure safe entry and exit from the confined space. Irritants like dust or fumes can also be present, so wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as respirators and goggles, is crucial.
Cast iron pipes are often used to store and transport flammable materials due to their corrosion resistance. However, during maintenance procedures like casting new pipe sections, it's critical to follow instructions carefully and have a fire extinguisher readily available in case of an ignition.
Remember, safety should always be the top priority. By following these guidelines and adhering to established regulations, individuals working with flammable materials in confined spaces can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.
1. What are two potential dangers of working with flammable materials mentioned in the text?
a) Corrosion and asphyxiation b) Sparks and regulations c) Maintenance and exposure d) Ignition and asphyxiation
2. What is the purpose of ventilation in confined spaces?
a) To prevent corrosion of pipes b) To remove harmful vapors and maintain good air quality
c) To provide lighting for workers d) To create sparks for ignition
3. What should be readily available to ensure safe entry and exit from the confined space?
a) Access ways and guardrails b) Ladders c) Elevators d) Slides
4. What safety equipment is mentioned as crucial when working in a confined space?
a) Fire extinguisher only b) Personal protective equipment (PPE) like respirators and goggles
c) Cast iron pipes d) Guardrails and access ways
5. What material is mentioned as being resistant to corrosion?
a) Flammable materials b) Irritants c) Cast iron d) Sparks
6. What is the main purpose of following instructions during maintenance procedures?
a) To ensure safety and avoid accidents b) To meet international safety standards
c) To understand the properties of cast iron d) To learn how to cast new pipe sections
7. According to the passage, what should be readily available when working with flammables in a confined space?
a) Guardrails and access ways b) Fire extinguisher
c) Spare cast iron pipes d) Instructions for maintenance procedures
8. What is the overall message of the passage?
a) Confined spaces are dangerous and should be avoided.
b) Cast iron is the safest material to use with flammables.
c) Following safety guidelines can significantly reduce risks when working with flammables.
d) Regulations are the only way to ensure safety in confined spaces.
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Answers and explanations
1. What are two potential dangers of working with flammable materials mentioned in the text?
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Answer: d) Ignition and asphyxiation
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Explanation: The text explicitly mentions that flammables can be ignited by sparks or open flames (causing fire) and that confined spaces with poor ventilation can lead to asphyxiation (lack of oxygen/buildup of fumes)
2. What is the purpose of ventilation in confined spaces?
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Answer: b) To remove harmful vapors and maintain good air quality
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Explanation: The passage states that "Proper ventilation is essential to prevent the buildup of harmful vapors and maintain good air quality."
3. What should be readily available to ensure safe entry and exit from the confined space?
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Answer: a) Access ways and guardrails
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Explanation: To ensure safe entry and exit from confined spaces, it's essential to have access ways and guardrails available, providing secure passage and preventing accidents.
4. What safety equipment is mentioned as crucial when working in a confined space?
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Answer: b) Personal protective equipment (PPE) like respirators and goggles
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Explanation: The text mentions the importance of PPE to protect against "irritants like dust or fumes." Respirators and goggles are examples of such equipment.
5. What material is mentioned as being resistant to corrosion?
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Answer: c) Cast iron
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Explanation: The passage says "Cast iron pipes are often used to store and transport flammable materials due to their corrosion resistance."
6. What is the main purpose of following instructions during maintenance procedures?
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Answer: a) To ensure safety and avoid accidents
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Explanation: The focus is on safety. The passage includes, "...it's critical to follow instructions carefully...in case of an ignition"
7. According to the passage, what should be readily available when working with flammables in a confined space?
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Answer: b) Fire extinguisher
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Explanation: The text mentions the need to have a fire extinguisher ready in case of ignition, highlighting its importance.
8. What is the overall message of the passage?
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Answer: c) Following safety guidelines can significantly reduce risks when working with flammables.
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Explanation: The entire passage emphasizes safety precautions, regulations, and proper procedures to minimize the risks of working with these hazardous materials.
