MODEL PROBLEM SOLUTION ESSAY

                                             Obesity in Children

       The last years in the whole world, the obesity in children has been increasing in an alarming way. Nowadays, many countries are trying to do something to make their children’s life healthier. Obesity affects children psychologically and physically. That is why we need to change this situation. The problem of obesity in children can be solved by raising awareness among parents, providing an exercise program for elementary school, and doing a nutritional culture at an early age.

            There are many things that we can do to stop obesity, but the most important is to raise awareness among parents.  Parents affect their children a lot, and they shape children’s future. This starts at the early ages of children, even when they are small babies. Generally, parents want their children to eat more than enough. However, this causes children to acquire wrong eating habits at the early childhood and affects their whole life.  When children are born, parents should be informed about the healthiest eating style for their children.
     

Another solution is an exercising program. It should be implemented in elementary school as a complement to the nutritional culture for children. This program must arouse a sport spirit in them through sport clubs, which are going to be free, but these activities will be obligatory in public schools and with a minimum of 4 hours per week. It is certain that this can work.

            The other important thing to do is creating a nutritional culture at an early age. That is to implement in elementary school certain rules about the kind of food that can be sold, such as just fruit and nutritious meals. It is difficult to achieve this goal, but it is not impossible with the help of the government.

       As we saw, obesity in children can be solved by making parents more aware of the problem, taking action in the nutritional education of children, and in the way that they see sports. As a result, children in the world are going to grow healthier and with a different mentality about what they should and shouldn’t eat and what they have to do to keep their body and mind healthy.

Leng101 Midterm 1 Total Scores

[NUMARA]	Test score	Writing	TOTAL
201210311	42,5	11	53,5
201210313	46	14	60
201210314	42,5	17	59,5
201210315	56	16	72
201218004	51,5	17	68,5
201210316	52,5	16	68,5
201210317	52,5	14	66,5
201210319	59,5	20	79,5
201210320	54	19	73
201210322	64,5	17	81,5
201210323	38	10	48
201318025	51,5	15	66,5
201210324	47,5	16	63,5
201210325	33	10	43
201210326	37,5	10	47,5
201210327	38	10	48
201210328	48,5	10	58,5
201194060	33,5	10	43,5
201210536	33	8	41
201194063	28,5	0	28,5
201194071	34	9	43
201194076	41,5	12	53,5
201194077	50,5	16	66,5
201218158	46,5	19	65,5
201194079	32,5	9	41,5
201321583	46	12	58
201321584	41,5	14	55,5
201210599	39	11	50
201210602	44	13	57
201217974	48,5	13	61,5
201210604	44,5	12	56,5
201210605	40	10	50
201210606	54	19	73
201210607	43,5	11	54,5
201210609	41	8	49
201210610	59	18	77
201210611	49	17	66
201219198	43,5	17	60,5
201210612	58	17	75
201210613	43	14	57
201210614	56	13	69
201194161	46	11	57
201210615	52,5	12	64,5
201210616	44	16	60
201210617	47	10	57
201210618	39	14	53
2010 6267	49,5	12	61,5
201210619	47,5	10	57,5
201210620	33,5	10	43,5
201210621	34	12	46
201210622	48	12	60
201210623	41	10	51
201210624	45,5	15	60,5
201210625	60,5	17	77,5
201318089	49,5	15	64,5
201210627	40	11	51
201210628	52,5	18	70,5
201310653	48	11	59
201210629	45,5	13	58,5
201217995	39	15	54
201076292	53	18	71
201210498	33,5	10	43,5
201210499	59	16	75
201210500	61	18	79
201220121	64	9	73
201210501	37	10	47
201210502	44	14	58
201217950	40	12	52
201210503	58	17	75
200849142	58,5	16	74,5
201210504	35	15	50
201193981	41	12	53
201210505	58	16	74
201210506	53	17	70
201193983	38	9	47
201220074	62,5	13	75,5
201210508	44	14	58
201210509	44,5	11	55,5
201193988	35,5	13	48,5
201220132	55	17	72
201210510	39	13	52
201210511	33,5	14	47,5
201210512	38	10	48
201210513	40	14	54
201210514	32	9	41
201210515	38,5	15	53,5
201193995	54,5	15	69,5
201076096	44	13	57
201210517	38,5	13	51,5
201210518	35,5	16	51,5
201210519	46	7	53
201084410	42	16	58
201210520	43,5	10	53,5
201210521	46	15	61
201210522	40,5	14	54,5
201210523	41,5	14	55,5
201210524	46	15	61
201210805	46	13	59
201210806	44,5	16	60,5
201210807	44	15	59
201210808	40	12	52
201210810	61,5	19	80,5
201210811	45	12	57
201210812	46	12	58
201210813	41,5	10	51,5
201210814	55	18	73
201194353	38	9	47
201210815	31	10	41
201210816	40	13	53
201210817	46	18	64
201076449	41,5	17	58,5
201210819	34,5	10	44,5
201210821	40,5	14	54,5
201210822	42,5	15	57,5
201210824	33	15	48
201210825	47,5	18	65,5
201210826	39,5	12	51,5
201210829	38	13	51
101210830	41,5	10	51,5
201210832	43,5	15	58,5
201210833	40,5	12	52,5
201210834	42,5	11	53,5
201210835	54,5	16	70,5
201084464	34	10	44
201210960	45	16	61
200967175	36	7	43
201076628	44,5	9	53,5
201210840	43	12	55
201211003	55,5	15	70,5
201211005	34,5	13	47,5
201211006	32,5	15	47,5
201194552	44	13	57
201211009	40	10	50
201211013	64	17	81
201211014	36	15	51
201211015	45	14	59
201211017	50,5	17	67,5
201211018	46	13	59
201211019	48,5	10	58,5
201211021	33,5	16	49,5
201211022	43,5	13	56,5
201211023	48,5	12	60,5
201194568	42	9	51
201211024	47	18	65
201211025	44,5	14	58,5
201211026	51,5	14	65,5
201211027	44,5	12	56,5
201211028	40,5	12	52,5
201211029	57	19	76
201211030	47,5	14	61,5
201219075	42	16	58
201211031	59	17	76
201076737	31,5	8	39,5
201211033	44	15	59
201211034	30	9	39
201194583	38	10	48
201211035	45,5	19	64,5
201194586	42,5	16	58,5
201076747	42	9	51
201194588	49,5	12	61,5
201211036	36	14	50
201211038	57,5	16	73,5
201211039	34	11	45
201211040	52,5	17	69,5
201218014	41,5	13	54,5
201211042	47,5	14	61,5
201211043	46	17	63
201211044	52,5	10	62,5
201211045	34	11	45
201211020	45,5	15	60,5
200961026	53	11	64
201210600	48,5	13	61,5

MIDTERM I RESULTS (WITHOUT WRITING)

[NUMARA]	[DOGRU]	[YANLIS]	[BOS]	[PUAN]
201210311	31	29	0	42,5
201210313	34	26	0	46
201210314	32	28	0	42,5
201210315	42	18	0	56
201218004	39	20	1	51,5
201210316	39	21	0	52,5
201210317	40	20	0	52,5
201210319	44	16	0	59,5
201210320	42	18	0	54
201210322	48	12	0	64,5
201210323	29	31	0	38
201318025	40	20	0	51,5
201210324	36	24	0	47,5
201210325	23	37	0	33
201210326	27	33	0	37,5
201210327	29	31	0	38
201210328	36	24	0	48,5
201194060	25	34	1	33,5
201210536	23	37	0	33
201194063	20	39	1	28,5
201194071	25	35	0	34
201194076	29	31	0	41,5
201194077	36	24	0	50,5
201218158	36	23	1	46,5
201194079	25	35	0	32,5
201321583	35	25	0	46
201321584	32	28	0	41,5
201210599	31	28	1	39
201210602	33	27	0	44
201217974	35	25	0	48,5
201210604	33	27	0	44,5
201210605	30	29	1	40
201210606	42	18	0	54
201210607	33	27	0	43,5
201210609	30	30	0	41
201210610	44	16	0	59
201210611	38	22	0	49
201219198	32	28	0	43,5
201210612	44	16	0	58
201210613	32	28	0	43
201210614	42	18	0	56
201194161	33	27	0	46
201210615	39	21	0	52,5
201210616	34	26	0	44
201210617	33	27	0	47
201210618	28	32	0	39
2010 6267	36	22	2	49,5
201210619	36	24	0	47,5
201210620	25	35	0	33,5
201210621	24	35	1	34
201210622	36	24	0	48
201210623	31	29	0	41
201210624	34	26	0	45,5
201210625	45	15	0	60,5
201318089	38	22	0	49,5
201210627	31	29	0	40
201210628	40	20	0	52,5
201310653	35	25	0	48
201210629	33	27	0	45,5
201217995	30	30	0	39
201076292	41	19	0	53
201210498	24	36	0	33,5
201210499	44	16	0	59
201210500	47	13	0	61
201220121	48	11	1	64
201210501	26	34	0	37
201210502	33	27	0	44
201217950	30	30	0	40
201210503	45	14	1	58
200849142	43	17	0	58,5
201210504	26	33	1	35
201193981	30	30	0	41
201210505	44	16	0	58
201210506	41	19	0	53
201193983	28	32	0	38
201220074	47	13	0	62,5
201210508	32	28	0	44
201210509	34	23	3	44,5
201193988	25	34	1	35,5
201220132	42	18	0	55
201210510	28	32	0	39
201210511	25	35	0	33,5
201210512	29	31	0	38
201210513	31	29	0	40
201210514	24	36	0	32
201210515	28	32	0	38,5
201193995	41	19	0	54,5
201076096	32	28	0	44
201210517	28	32	0	38,5
201210518	25	35	0	35,5
201210519	35	25	0	46
201084410	32	28	0	42
201210520	31	29	0	43,5
201210521	35	25	0	46
201210522	32	28	0	40,5
201210523	31	27	2	41,5
201210524	33	27	0	46
201210805	34	24	2	46
201210806	33	27	0	44,5
201210807	34	25	1	44
201210808	28	31	1	40
201210810	46	14	0	61,5
201210811	33	27	0	45
201210812	35	25	0	46
201210813	30	30	0	41,5
201210814	40	20	0	55
201194353	27	33	0	38
201210815	23	37	0	31
201210816	29	31	0	40
201210817	36	18	6	46
201076449	31	29	0	41,5
201210819	25	35	0	34,5
201210821	29	31	0	40,5
201210822	31	29	0	42,5
201210824	24	36	0	33
201210825	37	23	0	47,5
201210826	32	28	0	39,5
201210829	28	32	0	38
101210830	32	28	0	41,5
201210832	34	26	0	43,5
201210833	31	29	0	40,5
201210834	30	30	0	42,5
201210835	41	19	0	54,5
201084464	24	28	8	34
201210960	34	26	0	45
200967175	25	35	0	36
201076628	32	28	0	44,5
201210840	34	26	0	43
201211003	42	18	0	55,5
201211005	26	34	0	34,5
201211006	23	35	2	32,5
201194552	34	26	0	44
201211009	30	30	0	40
201211013	49	11	0	64
201211014	25	34	1	36
201211015	33	27	0	45
201211017	37	23	0	50,5
201211018	33	27	0	46
201211019	38	22	0	48,5
201211021	25	35	0	33,5
201211022	31	29	0	43,5
201211023	35	25	0	48,5
201194568	31	29	0	42
201211024	35	25	0	47
201211025	34	26	0	44,5
201211026	39	21	0	51,5
201211027	34	26	0	44,5
201211028	30	30	0	40,5
201211029	43	15	2	57
201211030	35	25	0	47,5
201219075	32	28	0	42
201211031	44	16	0	59
201076737	23	32	5	31,5
201211033	33	27	0	44
201211034	20	40	0	30
201194583	28	32	0	38
201211035	34	25	1	45,5
201194586	30	29	1	42,5
201076747	31	29	0	42
201194588	38	21	1	49,5
201211036	27	33	0	36
201211038	44	16	0	57,5
201211039	26	34	0	34
201211040	40	20	0	52,5
201218014	30	29	1	41,5
201211042	35	25	0	47,5
201211043	35	25	0	46
201211044	40	20	0	52,5
201211045	27	33	0	34
201211020	34	26	0	45,5
200961026	39	21	0	53
201210600	37	23	0	48,5

HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY?

   

Many students immediately panic when they are faced with the task of writing an essay. While they may have many ideas when they discuss a topic, picking up pen and paper seems to dry up all ideas. Some students aren't even sure what an essay is. Basically, an essay is an organized way to express an opinion and prove that it's valid. This can take a variety of forms, but the standard format starts with an introduction, has a body, and ends with a conclusion. There are a few simple steps to writing an essay. First, students must generate ideas. They have to think about what they know about a topic and what they want to write. Students do this in different ways. Some students do brainstorming. That is, they sit with a piece of paper and write words and try to relate them to other words. Some students just make a list of ideas. Other students find they need to do some prewriting because they think better when they are writing out their ideas. Some students just sit and think and get the ideas sorted out in their minds. One way is not better than another way. Everyone is different, so everyone writes in a different way. For example, my friend Susan likes to do prewriting. She sets her timer for 15 minutes and then she writes everything she can think of about the topic for that time. When the buzzer goes off, she stops and looks at what she has written. She underlines the ideas that she thinks are Good. This works very well for her, but it doesn't work well for me at all because I hate to do prewriting. I just sit and think about what I want to write until an idea comes to me. The important thing is not the method but the results. Sometimes, students think that the ideas have to be perfect from the beginning, but this isn't true. Sometimes they might find that their ideas need revision or that some can be eliminated. That's ok. Once they have generated ideas, they have a starting point so they can begin to write, and that is what is important. Next, students need to organize their ideas. They need to make sure that they have a statement of opinion, and then they need to put their supporting ideas into some kind of order. That is, they need to decide what will come first and so forth. For example, if students are writing about history, most of the time they will organize their ideas chronologically because that's the way that people usually think about history--from past to present, But, it's not always that simple. John wrote a paper about the problems adoptive children have. He made a list of four problems, but then he had to decide which problem was the most serious and which the least. Then, he had to make another decision. Should he put the biggest problem first or last? Sometimes a writer wants to build up to something big, and other times a writer wants to hit the reader right away with something important. John decided to put his biggest problem last. Students need to look carefully at their ideas and think about what will make the strongest paper--and the most interesting paper. Last, students need to write. This seems easy enough, but many students delay this part of the paper until the last minute. When I say write, I mean write the first draft because, whenever possible, it's good to save time to write, look at it and make corrections, and then write it again. Students need to give themselves time--especially in the beginning--to learn from their writing. If they wait until an hour before class, the paper becomes a burden instead of an opportunity to learn and share ideas. Sally, for example, had a 1000 word essay due at 11:00 in her English 101 class. She waited until 9:00 PM the night before to begin. By then, she was so nervous about getting the paper finished on time that she couldn't think of anything to write about. She kept thinking about the F she was going to get and what it would do to her grade point average. Students should just start writing and not expect a perfect product the first time, but even an imperfect paper is better than no paper. In conclusion, writing an essay is really not so difficult. Students simply need to have a plan for writing. First, they need to find a way to generate ideas, and then they need to organize these ideas in some way that makes sense to them. Lastly, but most importantly, the students have to sit down and pick up their pencils and begin to write. The more students practice writing, the easier it will become because it's really only thinking and sharing ideas—something they do all of the time.

                           Preparing for the university entrance exam

    In Turkey, getting accepted to the university you want requires a difficult and serious preparation period, as you have to take a 3-hour difficult exam in which you are competing with about one million eight hundred thousand people. Although such a huge number of people are taking the exam, only three hundred thousand of them can be admitted to a university. It means that preparing for this exam, which is called the OSS, involves a number of important steps that you must be careful about.

   The first step of the OSS preparation marathon is choosing your division in high school. There are four divisions called “science studies”, ”social studies”, ”Turkish and math” and “languages”. Making a decision of your division is very important because your choice of division in high school determines which fields of study are open to you in college. For example, the “science studies” division gives you the chance of choosing many engineering departments and medicine, whereas the “Turkish and math” division has the options like economics and administrative sciences, international trade etc. Also your decision determines which lessons you will take in your second and third year of high school. For instance, you won’t take any geography lessons in school if you are a science studies student. If you want, you can change your department in the last year of high school but then you will have to pass the exams of the other lessons, which you didn’t take in your ex-division. So it is absolutely vital that you make the right decision. You’d better talk with a counselor in the second term of your first year. And you should follow the system changes very carefully. You ought to listen to the ideas of your family and counselor but you must make your own decision in the end.

   The second step is enrolling in an OSS course. I advise you not to think very much about which course you will enroll in because in general they actually are the same. So you can choose one according to your location and income. Another decision to make is in which year of high school you should start to go to a course. I went to “Fen Bilimleri Merkezi” in both second and the last year of high school. It was boring to go to a course for two years but on the other hand it was good for me to plan my study program. In fact, it is a good idea to decide it according to your personal circumstances.

   The third step is studying for both OSS and school. In OSS there aren’t any questions from the second and the last year of high school. But you shouldn’t give up studying for school lessons because your high school grade in Turkey also has a big effect on your OSS scores. You shouldn’t give up studying for school completely. Just listen to your teachers carefully. They will be giving you the clues for the exams. Also I can add, “studying at home” stage to the studying step. You continue to study at home. These days are very important because you have more time to study and the exam day is coming. So you should always study according to your program.

   The next step is finally taking the exam. Although I went out on the day before the exam, I couldn’t sleep all night. I was excited. So I advise you to overcome your excitement if you can. A good sleep is going to be an advantage to you. You should have breakfast and check the documents necessary for the exam. Also you’d better see your exam building a few days before so as not to get lost and panic on the exam day. During the exam you must try to be as calm as possible. You can take a deep breath and start answering the questions. After the exam you should at least be able to say that you have done your best.

   The last step is making your choice. You get an exam score and you’ll make choices. You must be realistic according to your score but also you shouldn’t lose sight of your aims. You ought to consider all the conditions while you are making your choices. You should answer questions like “Can I stay in a dormitory?” or “Can I be happy if I choose this department?” I believe this is one of the hardest steps so you should talk with your family and counselors before you make a decision. After making your choice, you start to wait for the news from ÖSYM. During this waiting period it’s a good idea to go on a holiday if you can. Finally, you get the results.

   In conclusion, after following all these steps, luckily all my efforts had a happy end. I reached one of the most important goals in my life. And I believe that by following these steps in the OSS marathon you can make one of your dreams come true too!

---

Ozge Kocabas Adv 2004

THE PRODUCTION OF CHOCOLATE

Chocolate is a key ingredient in many foods such as milk shakes, candy bars, cookies and cereals. It is ranked as one of the most favorite flavors in North America and Europe. Despite its popularity, most people do not know the unique origins of this popular treat. Chocolate is a product that requires complex procedures to produce. The process involves harvesting cocoa, refining cocoa to cocoa beans, and shipping the cocoa beans to the manufacturing factory for cleaning, coaching and grinding.

Chocolate production starts with harvesting cocoa in a forest. Cocoa comes from tropical evergreen Cocoa trees, such as Theobroma Cocoa, which grow in the wet lowland tropics of Central and South America, West Africa and Southeast Asia. Cocoa needs to be harvested manually in the forest. The seedpods of cocoa will first be collected. After the cocoa pods are collected into baskets, the pods are taken to a processing house. Here they are split open and the cocoa beans are removed. Pods can contain upwards of 50 cocoa beans each.

As a second step, the beans undergo the fermentation processing. They are either placed in large, shallow, heated trays or covered with large banana leaves. If the climate is right, they may be simply heated by the sun. Workers come along periodically and stir them up so that all of the beans come out equally fermented. During fermentation is when the beans turn brown. This process may take five or eight days.  Afterwards, farmers simply spread the fermented seeds on trays and leave them in the sun to dry. The drying process usually takes about a week and results in seeds that are about half of their original weight.

Once the cocoa beans have reached the machinery of chocolate factories, they are ready to be refined into chocolate. Generally, manufacturing processes differ slightly due to the different species of cocoa trees, but most factories use similar machines to break down the cocoa beans into cocoa butter and chocolate. Firstly, fermented and dried cocoa beans will be refined to a roasted nib by winnowing and roasting. Then, they will be heated and will melt into chocolate liquor. Lastly, manufacturers blend chocolate liquor with sugar and milk to add flavor. After the blending process, the liquid chocolate will be stored or delivered to the molding factory in tanks and will be poured into molds for sale. Finally, wrapping and packaging machines will pack the chocolates and then they will be ready to transport.

            To sum up, in order to turn cocoa pods into well-processed chocolate, one needs to collect the pods, refine them into cocoa beans and process them at chocolate factories. Thanks to the people who work in this industry, we are able to have this delight whenever we want some.