The process pattern of organization is especially important in
scientific writing. For example, it is used to describe biological processes such
as T cell lymphocyte production, chemical processes such as the interaction of
drugs, and technical processes such as a colonscopy.
The definition essay contains an introductory
paragraph, body
paragraphs, and concluding
paragraph. Each part has a basic pattern of organization. However, before
we examine these patterns, let's first look at a sample outline for the
digestive process. This outline, along with the adapted sample
essay, is used by permission of student Hanan Adnan, who was in Ms. Rania
Al-Nakib's 2001 spring semester HSC English 182 class.
Outline
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I. Introduction
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Thesis: Ingestion, digestion, and absorption
are the three major steps involved in the digestive process.
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II. Food is ingested.
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A. Food enters the mouth.
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B. Food is chewed.
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C. Food is ready to travel to the stomach.
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III. Food is digested.
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A. Food is mixed with acidic gastric
juices in the stomach.
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B. The partially liquid food moves from the
stomach to the small intestine.
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C. Enzymes are secreted.
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IV. Absorption
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A. The digested food passes through
the walls of the small intestine.
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B. The digested food is absorbed into
the bloodstream.
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V. Conclusion
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Paraphrased Thesis: The digestion
process involves three major steps: ingestion, digestion, and absorption.
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Process Essay Pattern of Organization
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1. State what the process is and why it is important.
The digestive process is important in maintaining
the lives of living organisms and in providing them with needed energy.
2. Give background information, and define the process.
Groups of organs, such as the mouth, esophagus,
stomach, and intestines, work together to perform this complex task.
Digestion is the process of breaking down food from large molecules into
small ones to make it easier for absorption.
3. State the thesis sentence to include the purpose and
the main idea of the essay.
The three major steps involved in the digestive process
are ingestion, digestion, and absorption.
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From HSC English 181, you already know that a paragraph
consists of the following:
- Topic
sentence
Ingestion, which occurs in the mouth, is the first step
in the digestive process.
- Major
supporting sentence(s)
After food enters the mouth, the teeth chew it.
AND
Saliva, which is produced by the salivary glands, plays a
major role in breaking down the food into smaller pieces.
- Minor
supporting sentence(s)
These small pieces travel to the stomach through the
esophagus.
When you write an essay body paragraph, you need to remember
two points. First, each topic sentence must not only contain the main idea of
the paragraph, but alsothat main idea must be a main point of the thesis sentence.
Furthermore, the body paragraphs must be written in the order that the main
points are listed in the thesis sentence. For example, if you write that the
three major steps involved in the digestive process are ingestion, digestion,
and absorption , then your first body paragraph must be about
ingestion, the second aboutdigestion, and the final body paragraph about
absorption.
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1. Paraphrase the thesis sentence.
2. Summarize the main steps of the process.
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A PROCESS OF DIGESTION
The digestive process is important in
maintaining the lives of living organisms and in providing them with needed
energy. Groups of organs, such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and
intestines, work together to perform this complex task. Digestion is the process
of breaking down food from large molecules into small ones to make it easier
for absorption. The three major steps involved in the digestive process are
ingestion, digestion, and absorption.
Ingestion, which occurs in the mouth, is the
first step of the digestive process. After food enters the mouth, the teeth
chew it. Saliva, which is produced by the salivary glands, plays a major role
in breaking down the food into smaller pieces. These small pieces travel to
the stomach through the esophagus.
In the stomach, the second step of the
digestive process begins. When the chewed food reaches the bottom of the
esophagus, a valve lets the food enter the stomach. Contraction of the
stomach wall mixes the food. Acidic gastric juices, which are secreted by the
gastric glands in the stomach, help in mixing the food and in turning it into
a partial liquid so it will have the ability to move into the small
intestine.In the small intestine, enzymes are secreted, and digestion is
completed.
The last step in the digestive process is
absorption. Absorption takes place in the small intestine. The wall of the
small intestine is lined with small, finger like projections called villi.
Small molecules of food are absorbed by the huge number of villi. Some of
these absorbed molecules enter the bloodstream to be distributed throughout
the whole body.
In conclusion, the digestive process involves
three major steps: ingestion, digestion, and absorption. Ingestion, which
occurs in the mouth, helps to increase the surface are of the food particles
and prepares them for digestion. In the stomach, digestion begins, and it continues
until it reaches the small intestine, where absorption takes place. The
digestive process maintains organisms' lives by providing them with energy
needed for different functions.
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