Unit 1 Vocabulary pp
10-11 – Emphasising technical advantage
VOCABULARY
The definitions and
sample sentences:
1. Technical
advantage: A benefit gained through the application of specialized
knowledge or technology in a particular field.
• Sample Sentence: The use of advanced materials provided a
significant technical advantage in constructing the lightweight, high-strength
bridge.
2. Promotional (adj):
Relating to the promotion or advertising of a product, service, or technology.
• Sample Sentence: The company's promotional campaign
effectively showcased their new energy-efficient HVAC system.
3. Leading (adj):
Being at the forefront or ahead of others in a particular field or technology.
• Sample Sentence: The company's commitment to research and development
has kept them in a leading position in the aerospace industry.
4. Unique (adj):
One of a kind, different from anything else, and possessing distinct
characteristics.
• Sample Sentence: The engineers designed a unique solution
for the complex heating system problem.
5. Conventional
(adj): Following established practices, norms, or methods that are widely
accepted.
• Sample Sentence: While the conventional approach was
reliable, the team explored innovative methods to improve efficiency.
6. Re-invent (v):
To completely redesign or transform something, often to make it better or more
efficient.
• Sample Sentence: The company sought to re-invent their
production process by integrating automation and AI.
7. Coated-steel:
Steel that has been covered with a protective coating to enhance its
durability.
• Sample Sentence: The coated-steel beams in the structure
ensured resistance to corrosion in harsh environments.
8. Eliminate (v):
To completely remove or get rid of something.
• Sample Sentence: The new filtration system helped
eliminate impurities from the water supply.
9. Coupled with:
Combined or connected with another element or technology to enhance
performance.
• Sample Sentence: The solar panels, coupled with energy
storage, provided a reliable off-grid power solution.
10. Crowned (adj):
Describing a component or part that has been given a curved or arched top for
structural or aesthetic reasons.
• Sample Sentence: The crowned roof of the stadium allowed
rainwater to drain efficiently.
11. Sheave (n): A
pulley wheel with a grooved rim, used to change the direction and magnitude of
a force.
• Sample Sentence: The elevator's sheave system ensured
smooth and controlled movement.
12. Superior (adj):
Having a higher quality, greater value, or better performance compared to
others.
• Sample Sentence: The superior quality of the materials
used in construction extended the building's lifespan.
13. Energy-efficient
(adj): Designed to use less energy while maintaining performance or
functionality.
• Sample Sentence: The company's new energy-efficient HVAC
system reduced electricity consumption by 30%.
14. Hoistway (n):
A vertical shaft or enclosure in which an elevator or hoist operates.
• Sample Sentence: The elevator maintenance team regularly
inspects the hoistway for safety and reliability.
15. Enhanced (adj):
Improved or made more effective in terms of quality, performance, or
functionality.
• Sample Sentence: The enhanced control software increased
the precision of the robotic arm.
16. Geared (adj): Equipped
with gears, mechanical components with teeth used to transfer motion or power.
• Sample Sentence: The geared transmission allowed for
variable speed control in the vehicle.
17. Gearless (adj):
Operating without traditional gears, often used in reference to elevator
systems.
• Sample Sentence: The gearless elevator design reduced
maintenance and noise.
18. Sealed (adj):
Closed or protected to prevent the entry of dust, moisture, or contaminants.
• Sample Sentence: The sealed bearings in the equipment ensured
long-term reliability in harsh environments.
19. Bearing (n):
A machine component that supports the moving parts and reduces friction in a
system.
• Sample Sentence: The bearing in the conveyor system needed
regular lubrication to maintain smooth operation.
20. Lubrication (n):
The process of applying a lubricant (e.g., oil or grease) to reduce friction
and wear between moving parts.
• Sample Sentence: Proper lubrication of the engine's moving
components is essential for its longevity.
21. Permanent-magnet
synchronous motor (n): An electric motor that uses permanent magnets to
create synchronous rotation.
• Sample Sentence:
The permanent-magnet synchronous motor in the wind turbine maximized energy
conversion.
22. Axial
construction: A design or arrangement characterized by components aligned
along a common axis.
• Sample Sentence: The axial construction of the drive train
simplified maintenance and reduced complexity.
23. Rotate (v):
To turn around an axis or center point.
• Sample Sentence: Engineers needed to carefully rotate the
turbine blades during installation.
24. Long-lasting
(adj): Having an extended lifespan or durability, capable of lasting for a
significant period.
• Sample Sentence: The long-lasting LED bulbs reduced the
need for frequent replacements.
25. Dramatically
(adv): In a sudden and significant manner, often referring to a noticeable
change or impact.
• Sample Sentence: The new insulation material dramatically
improved the building's energy efficiency.
26. Durability (n):
The ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage and remain in good
condition.
• Sample Sentence: The durability of the construction
materials made the bridge suitable for heavy traffic.
27. Efficiency (n):
The measure of how effectively energy or resources are utilized in a system or
process.
• Sample Sentence: The company's focus on efficiency led to
reduced waste and cost savings.
28. Reliability (n):
The degree to which a system or component consistently performs as intended
without failures.
• Sample Sentence: The reliability of the software is
crucial in safety-critical applications.
29. Continually
(adv): In an ongoing or constant manner, without interruption.
• Sample Sentence: Engineers continually monitor the data
center to ensure optimal performance.
30. Steel cord (n):
A bundle of steel wires used in reinforcing materials like tires, conveyor
belts, and ropes.
• Sample Sentence: The steel cord in the tire construction
provided strength and flexibility.
31. Visual
inspection: The process of examining a component or system using the naked
eye to identify visible issues or defects.
• Sample Sentence: Regular visual inspections revealed signs
of wear and tear on the machinery.
32. Detect (v):
To identify or discover the presence of something, often a problem or anomaly.
• Sample Sentence: Sensors were installed to detect any
fluctuations in temperature.
33. Rapid (adj):
Happening quickly or with high speed.
• Sample Sentence: The rapid prototyping techniques reduced
development time.
34. Wear (n):
Damage or erosion caused by the gradual loss of material due to friction or
use.
• Sample Sentence: The wear on the conveyor belt
necessitated regular maintenance.
35. Reliable (adj):
Consistently performing as expected without frequent breakdowns or issues.
• Sample Sentence: The reliable power supply ensured
continuous operation of the equipment.
READING
A) Read the text
below and answer the questions:
"The Technical
Advantage of Gearless Elevators in Modern Buildings"
In the rapidly evolving world of construction and
architecture, engineers constantly seek technical advantages that set their
projects apart. One such advantage lies in the adoption of gearless elevator
systems. Unlike traditional geared elevators, which rely on gear mechanisms for
movement, gearless elevators employ a permanent-magnet synchronous motor, an
innovation that has dramatically improved the efficiency, reliability, and
energy-efficiency of vertical transportation in modern buildings.
The unique design of gearless elevators eliminates the need
for heavy gear systems, making them notably lighter and more space-efficient.
This conventional departure from traditional elevator designs has been crowned
with numerous benefits. In addition to their reduced weight and long-lasting
performance, gearless elevators boast an ingenious axial construction, where
all components are aligned along a central axis, leading to a superior level of
durability, efficiency, and reliability.
The use of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor in gearless
elevators is a true technical advantage. This advanced technology allows the
elevator to rotate smoothly and quietly, eliminating the need for heavy gear
lubrication systems. By minimizing the wear on components, the need for
continual maintenance is drastically reduced. Visual inspections can quickly
detect any anomalies, and the sealed bearings ensure the elevator's rapid and
reliable performance for years to come.
The energy-efficient nature of gearless elevators is another
standout feature. They utilize regenerative drives to recycle excess energy
during descent, a system coupled with an intelligent control system. This
efficient use of energy is not only unique in its approach but also contributes
to lower operational costs. In summary, the promotional adoption of gearless
elevators, coupled with their technical advantages and pioneering technology,
has led to a leading trend in modern construction practices, offering a
sustainable, space-saving, and reliable solution for vertical transportation in
contemporary buildings.
1. What is the primary focus of the text titled "The
Technical Advantage of Gearless Elevators in Modern Buildings"?
• A) The history of elevator technology.
• B) The benefits of gearless elevators in modern buildings.
• C) The maintenance challenges of gearless elevators.
• D) The environmental impact of elevator systems.
2. What is the key feature that sets gearless elevators
apart from their geared counterparts?
• A) The use of sealed bearings.
• B) The incorporation of visual inspection systems.
• C) Their utilization of permanent-magnet synchronous
motors.
• D) The inclusion of energy-efficient regenerative drives.
3. How does the axial construction of gearless elevators
contribute to their superiority?
• A) By reducing weight and making them space-efficient.
• B) By eliminating the need for regular lubrication.
• C) By incorporating heavy gear systems for better
performance.
• D) By reducing energy consumption during descent.
4. What is the advantage of gearless elevators' use of
permanent-magnet synchronous motors?
• A) They require less maintenance.
• B) They can accommodate more passengers.
• C) They have a lower upfront cost.
• D) They can rotate faster.
5. What impact does the efficient use of energy in gearless
elevators have on operational costs?
• A) It significantly raises operational costs.
• B) It has no effect on operational costs.
• C) It contributes to lower operational costs.
• D) It increases maintenance costs.
6. What is the purpose of the visual inspections mentioned
in the text?
• A) To advertise the benefits of gearless elevators.
• B) To identify the unique features of gearless elevators.
• C) To detect and address any anomalies in elevator
performance.
• D) To compare the performance of geared and gearless
elevators.
7. According to the text, what is the "crowned"
feature of gearless elevators?
• A) Their energy efficiency.
• B) Their axial construction.
• C) Their long-lasting performance.
• D) Their superior reliability.
8. How do gearless elevators recycle excess energy during
descent?
• A) By incorporating visual inspection systems.
• B) By using permanent-magnet synchronous motors.
• C) By utilizing energy-efficient regenerative drives.
• D) By applying sealed bearings in their design.
Answers:
1. B) The benefits of gearless elevators in modern
buildings.
2. C) Their utilization of permanent-magnet synchronous
motors.
3. A) By reducing weight and making them space-efficient.
4. A) They require less maintenance.
5. C) It contributes to lower operational costs.
6. C) To detect and address any anomalies in elevator
performance.
7. B) Their axial construction.
8. C) By utilizing energy-efficient regenerative drives.
B) Read the text
below and answer the questions:
"The Technical
Advantage of Energy-Efficient Drive Systems in Modern Automobiles"
In the ever-evolving landscape of automotive engineering,
there is a growing need for energy-efficient technologies that reduce fuel
consumption and environmental impact. One such innovation is the development of
permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive systems, which offer a substantial
technical advantage in modern automobiles. These motors have the potential to
revolutionize the automotive industry, making vehicles more energy-efficient
and environmentally friendly.
The unique aspect of these drive systems lies in their axial
construction, where the motor components are aligned along a common axis. This
crowned design significantly reduces the weight of the drive system, making
vehicles more energy-efficient by enhancing fuel economy and reducing
emissions. Moreover, the elimination of traditional gear systems, thanks to the
use of gearless technology, leads to improved long-term performance and
reliability.
Gearless drive systems have the added benefit of being
sealed and requiring minimal lubrication. This not only reduces maintenance
needs but also ensures a quieter and smoother ride for passengers. With the
integration of energy-efficient regenerative drives coupled with these
innovations, modern automobiles can recycle excess energy during deceleration,
thus making the vehicle more energy-efficient and contributing to a greener
future.
As a result, the automotive industry is now continually
focused on creating vehicles that are not only reliable but also highly
energy-efficient. Manufacturers are investing in research and development to
re-invent traditional automotive drive systems by adopting the permanent-magnet
synchronous motor technology. This shift in focus, towards greater
energy-efficiency and reduced environmental impact, is expected to dramatically
impact the future of the automotive world, with vehicles that are not only
high-performing but also eco-friendly.
The pursuit of technical advantages in energy-efficient
drive systems is not merely a trend but a necessity for modern automobiles. The
transition to energy-efficient technologies that are both reliable and durable
signifies a significant step toward a more sustainable and energy-efficient
future. With advancements in drive systems and a focus on minimizing
environmental impact, the automotive industry is poised to make a marked
contribution to a greener and more energy-efficient world.
1. What is the primary focus of the text titled "The
Technical Advantage of Energy-Efficient Drive Systems in Modern
Automobiles"?
• A) The history of the automotive industry.
• B) The drawbacks of energy-efficient drive systems.
• C) The advantages of permanent-magnet synchronous motor
drive systems in modern automobiles.
• D) The comparison of traditional and energy-efficient
drive systems.
2. What is the "unique" aspect of the drive
systems mentioned in the text?
• A) The need for frequent lubrication.
• B) Their reduction of emissions.
• C) Their axial construction.
• D) Their sealed bearings.
3. How does the axial construction contribute to the
energy-efficiency of modern automobiles?
• A) It increases vehicle weight.
• B) It improves fuel economy and reduces emissions.
• C) It requires frequent maintenance.
• D) It incorporates traditional gear systems.
4. What is the advantage of using gearless technology in
drive systems, according to the text?
• A) Increased maintenance needs.
• B) Reduced long-term performance.
• C) Improved fuel economy and reliability.
• D) Excessive lubrication requirements.
5. How do energy-efficient regenerative drives contribute to
modern automobiles?
• A) They reduce the weight of the drive system.
• B) They make the ride smoother but noisy.
• C) They recycle excess energy during deceleration.
• D) They require frequent maintenance.
6. What is the primary focus of automotive manufacturers, as
mentioned in the text?
• A) Expanding their vehicle lines.
• B) Reducing vehicle weight.
• C) Developing eco-friendly drive systems.
• D) Improving traditional gear systems.
7. What does the text suggest about the future of the
automotive industry?
• A) It will be focused on traditional drive systems.
• B) It will be less reliable but more energy-efficient.
• C) It will have vehicles that are high-performing and
eco-friendly.
• D) It will reduce fuel economy and increase emissions.
8. What overall impact is expected as a result of the shift
to energy-efficient drive systems in the automotive industry?
• A) A less eco-friendly future.
• B) Improved vehicle weight and maintenance needs.
• C) Greater environmental impact.
• D) A more sustainable and energy-efficient future.
Answers:
1. C) The advantages of permanent-magnet synchronous motor
drive systems in modern automobiles.
2. C) Their axial construction.
3. B) It improves fuel economy and reduces emissions.
4. C) Improved fuel economy and reliability.
5. C) They recycle excess energy during deceleration.
6. C) Developing eco-friendly drive systems.
7. C) It will have vehicles that are high-performing and
eco-friendly.
8. D) A more sustainable and energy-efficient future.
C) Choose the
appropriate word from the list to complete each sentence.
1. The ___________ method of data storage is being replaced
by cloud technology in many industries.
a) conventional
b) superior c) energy-efficient d) enhanced
2. The new insulation in our home has ___________ our
heating bills significantly.
a) eliminated
b) energy-efficient c)
enhanced d) reduced
3. This state-of-the-art device is known for its ___________
performance, outperforming its competitors.
a) conventional b) superior c) energy-efficient d) enhanced
4. To ___________ waste in the production process, the
company has implemented a recycling program.
a) eliminate
b) energy-efficient c)
enhance d) superior
5. The ___________ lighting system in our office not only
saves electricity but also provides better illumination.
a) conventional
b) eliminated c) energy-efficient d) reduced
6. The new software update has ___________ the performance
of our computer systems.
a) eliminated
b) enhanced c) reduced d) superior
Answers:
1. a) conventional
2. d) reduced
3. b) superior
4. a) eliminate
5. c) energy-efficient
6. b) enhanced
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