Unit 1 Vocabulary pp 10-11 – Emphasising technical advantage
VOCABULARY
The definitions and sample sentences:
1. Technical advantage: A benefit gained through the application of specialized knowledge or technology in a particular field.
• Sample Sentence: The use of advanced materials provided a significant technical advantage in constructing the lightweight, high-strength bridge.
2. Promotional (adj): Relating to the promotion or advertising of a product, service, or technology.
• Sample Sentence: The company's promotional campaign effectively showcased their new energy-efficient HVAC system.
3. Leading (adj): Being at the forefront or ahead of others in a particular field or technology.
• Sample Sentence: The company's commitment to research and development has kept them in a leading position in the aerospace industry.
4. Unique (adj): One of a kind, different from anything else, and possessing distinct characteristics.
• Sample Sentence: The engineers designed a unique solution for the complex heating system problem.
5. Conventional (adj): Following established practices, norms, or methods that are widely accepted.
• Sample Sentence: While the conventional approach was reliable, the team explored innovative methods to improve efficiency.
6. Re-invent (v): To completely redesign or transform something, often to make it better or more efficient.
• Sample Sentence: The company sought to re-invent their production process by integrating automation and AI.
7. Coated-steel: Steel that has been covered with a protective coating to enhance its durability.
• Sample Sentence: The coated-steel beams in the structure ensured resistance to corrosion in harsh environments.
8. Eliminate (v): To completely remove or get rid of something.
• Sample Sentence: The new filtration system helped eliminate impurities from the water supply.
9. Coupled with: Combined or connected with another element or technology to enhance performance.
• Sample Sentence: The solar panels, coupled with energy storage, provided a reliable off-grid power solution.
10. Crowned (adj): Describing a component or part that has been given a curved or arched top for structural or aesthetic reasons.
• Sample Sentence: The crowned roof of the stadium allowed rainwater to drain efficiently.
11. Sheave (n): A pulley wheel with a grooved rim, used to change the direction and magnitude of a force.
• Sample Sentence: The elevator's sheave system ensured smooth and controlled movement.
12. Superior (adj): Having a higher quality, greater value, or better performance compared to others.
• Sample Sentence: The superior quality of the materials used in construction extended the building's lifespan.
13. Energy-efficient (adj): Designed to use less energy while maintaining performance or functionality.
• Sample Sentence: The company's new energy-efficient HVAC system reduced electricity consumption by 30%.
14. Hoistway (n): A vertical shaft or enclosure in which an elevator or hoist operates.
• Sample Sentence: The elevator maintenance team regularly inspects the hoistway for safety and reliability.
15. Enhanced (adj): Improved or made more effective in terms of quality, performance, or functionality.
• Sample Sentence: The enhanced control software increased the precision of the robotic arm.
16. Geared (adj): Equipped with gears, mechanical components with teeth used to transfer motion or power.
• Sample Sentence: The geared transmission allowed for variable speed control in the vehicle.
17. Gearless (adj): Operating without traditional gears, often used in reference to elevator systems.
• Sample Sentence: The gearless elevator design reduced maintenance and noise.
18. Sealed (adj): Closed or protected to prevent the entry of dust, moisture, or contaminants.
• Sample Sentence: The sealed bearings in the equipment ensured long-term reliability in harsh environments.
19. Bearing (n): A machine component that supports the moving parts and reduces friction in a system.
• Sample Sentence: The bearing in the conveyor system needed regular lubrication to maintain smooth operation.
20. Lubrication (n): The process of applying a lubricant (e.g., oil or grease) to reduce friction and wear between moving parts.
• Sample Sentence: Proper lubrication of the engine's moving components is essential for its longevity.
21. Permanent-magnet synchronous motor (n): An electric motor that uses permanent magnets to create synchronous rotation.
• Sample Sentence: The permanent-magnet synchronous motor in the wind turbine maximized energy conversion.
22. Axial construction: A design or arrangement characterized by components aligned along a common axis.
• Sample Sentence: The axial construction of the drive train simplified maintenance and reduced complexity.
23. Rotate (v): To turn around an axis or center point.
• Sample Sentence: Engineers needed to carefully rotate the turbine blades during installation.
24. Long-lasting (adj): Having an extended lifespan or durability, capable of lasting for a significant period.
• Sample Sentence: The long-lasting LED bulbs reduced the need for frequent replacements.
25. Dramatically (adv): In a sudden and significant manner, often referring to a noticeable change or impact.
• Sample Sentence: The new insulation material dramatically improved the building's energy efficiency.
26. Durability (n): The ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage and remain in good condition.
• Sample Sentence: The durability of the construction materials made the bridge suitable for heavy traffic.
27. Efficiency (n): The measure of how effectively energy or resources are utilized in a system or process.
• Sample Sentence: The company's focus on efficiency led to reduced waste and cost savings.
28. Reliability (n): The degree to which a system or component consistently performs as intended without failures.
• Sample Sentence: The reliability of the software is crucial in safety-critical applications.
29. Continually (adv): In an ongoing or constant manner, without interruption.
• Sample Sentence: Engineers continually monitor the data center to ensure optimal performance.
30. Steel cord (n): A bundle of steel wires used in reinforcing materials like tires, conveyor belts, and ropes.
• Sample Sentence: The steel cord in the tire construction provided strength and flexibility.
31. Visual inspection: The process of examining a component or system using the naked eye to identify visible issues or defects.
• Sample Sentence: Regular visual inspections revealed signs of wear and tear on the machinery.
32. Detect (v): To identify or discover the presence of something, often a problem or anomaly.
• Sample Sentence: Sensors were installed to detect any fluctuations in temperature.
33. Rapid (adj): Happening quickly or with high speed.
• Sample Sentence: The rapid prototyping techniques reduced development time.
34. Wear (n): Damage or erosion caused by the gradual loss of material due to friction or use.
• Sample Sentence: The wear on the conveyor belt necessitated regular maintenance.
35. Reliable (adj): Consistently performing as expected without frequent breakdowns or issues.
• Sample Sentence: The reliable power supply ensured continuous operation of the equipment.
READING
A) Read the text below and answer the questions:
"The Technical Advantage of Gearless Elevators in Modern Buildings"
In the rapidly evolving world of construction and architecture, engineers constantly seek technical advantages that set their projects apart. One such advantage lies in the adoption of gearless elevator systems. Unlike traditional geared elevators, which rely on gear mechanisms for movement, gearless elevators employ a permanent-magnet synchronous motor, an innovation that has dramatically improved the efficiency, reliability, and energy-efficiency of vertical transportation in modern buildings.
The unique design of gearless elevators eliminates the need for heavy gear systems, making them notably lighter and more space-efficient. This conventional departure from traditional elevator designs has been crowned with numerous benefits. In addition to their reduced weight and long-lasting performance, gearless elevators boast an ingenious axial construction, where all components are aligned along a central axis, leading to a superior level of durability, efficiency, and reliability.
The use of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor in gearless elevators is a true technical advantage. This advanced technology allows the elevator to rotate smoothly and quietly, eliminating the need for heavy gear lubrication systems. By minimizing the wear on components, the need for continual maintenance is drastically reduced. Visual inspections can quickly detect any anomalies, and the sealed bearings ensure the elevator's rapid and reliable performance for years to come.
The energy-efficient nature of gearless elevators is another standout feature. They utilize regenerative drives to recycle excess energy during descent, a system coupled with an intelligent control system. This efficient use of energy is not only unique in its approach but also contributes to lower operational costs. In summary, the promotional adoption of gearless elevators, coupled with their technical advantages and pioneering technology, has led to a leading trend in modern construction practices, offering a sustainable, space-saving, and reliable solution for vertical transportation in contemporary buildings.
1. What is the primary focus of the text titled "The Technical Advantage of Gearless Elevators in Modern Buildings"?
• A) The history of elevator technology.
• B) The benefits of gearless elevators in modern buildings.
• C) The maintenance challenges of gearless elevators.
• D) The environmental impact of elevator systems.
2. What is the key feature that sets gearless elevators apart from their geared counterparts?
• A) The use of sealed bearings.
• B) The incorporation of visual inspection systems.
• C) Their utilization of permanent-magnet synchronous motors.
• D) The inclusion of energy-efficient regenerative drives.
3. How does the axial construction of gearless elevators contribute to their superiority?
• A) By reducing weight and making them space-efficient.
• B) By eliminating the need for regular lubrication.
• C) By incorporating heavy gear systems for better performance.
• D) By reducing energy consumption during descent.
4. What is the advantage of gearless elevators' use of permanent-magnet synchronous motors?
• A) They require less maintenance.
• B) They can accommodate more passengers.
• C) They have a lower upfront cost.
• D) They can rotate faster.
5. What impact does the efficient use of energy in gearless elevators have on operational costs?
• A) It significantly raises operational costs.
• B) It has no effect on operational costs.
• C) It contributes to lower operational costs.
• D) It increases maintenance costs.
6. What is the purpose of the visual inspections mentioned in the text?
• A) To advertise the benefits of gearless elevators.
• B) To identify the unique features of gearless elevators.
• C) To detect and address any anomalies in elevator performance.
• D) To compare the performance of geared and gearless elevators.
7. According to the text, what is the "crowned" feature of gearless elevators?
• A) Their energy efficiency.
• B) Their axial construction.
• C) Their long-lasting performance.
• D) Their superior reliability.
8. How do gearless elevators recycle excess energy during descent?
• A) By incorporating visual inspection systems.
• B) By using permanent-magnet synchronous motors.
• C) By utilizing energy-efficient regenerative drives.
• D) By applying sealed bearings in their design.
Answers:
1. B) The benefits of gearless elevators in modern buildings.
2. C) Their utilization of permanent-magnet synchronous motors.
3. A) By reducing weight and making them space-efficient.
4. A) They require less maintenance.
5. C) It contributes to lower operational costs.
6. C) To detect and address any anomalies in elevator performance.
7. B) Their axial construction.
8. C) By utilizing energy-efficient regenerative drives.
B) Read the text below and answer the questions:
"The Technical Advantage of Energy-Efficient Drive Systems in Modern Automobiles"
In the ever-evolving landscape of automotive engineering, there is a growing need for energy-efficient technologies that reduce fuel consumption and environmental impact. One such innovation is the development of permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive systems, which offer a substantial technical advantage in modern automobiles. These motors have the potential to revolutionize the automotive industry, making vehicles more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
The unique aspect of these drive systems lies in their axial construction, where the motor components are aligned along a common axis. This crowned design significantly reduces the weight of the drive system, making vehicles more energy-efficient by enhancing fuel economy and reducing emissions. Moreover, the elimination of traditional gear systems, thanks to the use of gearless technology, leads to improved long-term performance and reliability.
Gearless drive systems have the added benefit of being sealed and requiring minimal lubrication. This not only reduces maintenance needs but also ensures a quieter and smoother ride for passengers. With the integration of energy-efficient regenerative drives coupled with these innovations, modern automobiles can recycle excess energy during deceleration, thus making the vehicle more energy-efficient and contributing to a greener future.
As a result, the automotive industry is now continually focused on creating vehicles that are not only reliable but also highly energy-efficient. Manufacturers are investing in research and development to re-invent traditional automotive drive systems by adopting the permanent-magnet synchronous motor technology. This shift in focus, towards greater energy-efficiency and reduced environmental impact, is expected to dramatically impact the future of the automotive world, with vehicles that are not only high-performing but also eco-friendly.
The pursuit of technical advantages in energy-efficient drive systems is not merely a trend but a necessity for modern automobiles. The transition to energy-efficient technologies that are both reliable and durable signifies a significant step toward a more sustainable and energy-efficient future. With advancements in drive systems and a focus on minimizing environmental impact, the automotive industry is poised to make a marked contribution to a greener and more energy-efficient world.
1. What is the primary focus of the text titled "The Technical Advantage of Energy-Efficient Drive Systems in Modern Automobiles"?
• A) The history of the automotive industry.
• B) The drawbacks of energy-efficient drive systems.
• C) The advantages of permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive systems in modern automobiles.
• D) The comparison of traditional and energy-efficient drive systems.
2. What is the "unique" aspect of the drive systems mentioned in the text?
• A) The need for frequent lubrication.
• B) Their reduction of emissions.
• C) Their axial construction.
• D) Their sealed bearings.
3. How does the axial construction contribute to the energy-efficiency of modern automobiles?
• A) It increases vehicle weight.
• B) It improves fuel economy and reduces emissions.
• C) It requires frequent maintenance.
• D) It incorporates traditional gear systems.
4. What is the advantage of using gearless technology in drive systems, according to the text?
• A) Increased maintenance needs.
• B) Reduced long-term performance.
• C) Improved fuel economy and reliability.
• D) Excessive lubrication requirements.
5. How do energy-efficient regenerative drives contribute to modern automobiles?
• A) They reduce the weight of the drive system.
• B) They make the ride smoother but noisy.
• C) They recycle excess energy during deceleration.
• D) They require frequent maintenance.
6. What is the primary focus of automotive manufacturers, as mentioned in the text?
• A) Expanding their vehicle lines.
• B) Reducing vehicle weight.
• C) Developing eco-friendly drive systems.
• D) Improving traditional gear systems.
7. What does the text suggest about the future of the automotive industry?
• A) It will be focused on traditional drive systems.
• B) It will be less reliable but more energy-efficient.
• C) It will have vehicles that are high-performing and eco-friendly.
• D) It will reduce fuel economy and increase emissions.
8. What overall impact is expected as a result of the shift to energy-efficient drive systems in the automotive industry?
• A) A less eco-friendly future.
• B) Improved vehicle weight and maintenance needs.
• C) Greater environmental impact.
• D) A more sustainable and energy-efficient future.
Answers:
1. C) The advantages of permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive systems in modern automobiles.
2. C) Their axial construction.
3. B) It improves fuel economy and reduces emissions.
4. C) Improved fuel economy and reliability.
5. C) They recycle excess energy during deceleration.
6. C) Developing eco-friendly drive systems.
7. C) It will have vehicles that are high-performing and eco-friendly.
8. D) A more sustainable and energy-efficient future.
C) Choose the appropriate word from the list to complete each sentence.
1. The ___________ method of data storage is being replaced by cloud technology in many industries.
a) conventional b) superior c) energy-efficient d) enhanced
2. The new insulation in our home has ___________ our heating bills significantly.
a) eliminated b) energy-efficient c) enhanced d) reduced
3. This state-of-the-art device is known for its ___________ performance, outperforming its competitors.
a) conventional b) superior c) energy-efficient d) enhanced
4. To ___________ waste in the production process, the company has implemented a recycling program.
a) eliminate b) energy-efficient c) enhance d) superior
5. The ___________ lighting system in our office not only saves electricity but also provides better illumination.
a) conventional b) eliminated c) energy-efficient d) reduced
6. The new software update has ___________ the performance of our computer systems.
a) eliminated b) enhanced c) reduced d) superior
Answers:
1. a) conventional
2. d) reduced
3. b) superior
4. a) eliminate
5. c) energy-efficient
6. b) enhanced
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