LENG101 FRESHMAN ENGLISH – Extensive supporting material
Unit 4 – Engineerin design
Vocabulary pp.34-35 – Describing design phases and procedures
The definitions and sample sentences:
1. Design Phase (n):
Definition: The stage in a project where plans and ideas are developed. Turkish: Bir projede planların ve fikirlerin geliştirildiği aşama. Sample Sentence: During the design phase, engineers sketch and discuss their ideas before moving on to detailed plans. Turkish Translation: Tasarım aşamasında mühendisler, ayrıntılı planlara geçmeden önce fikirlerini çizer ve tartışır.
2. Design Procedure (n):
Definition: The step-by-step process followed to create a plan or product. Turkish: Bir plan veya ürün oluşturmak için izlenen adım adım süreç. Sample Sentence: The design procedure involves brainstorming, drawing, and refining ideas until a final plan is achieved. Turkish Translation: Tasarım süreci, nihai bir plana ulaşılana kadar beyin fırtınası, çizim ve fikirlerin geliştirilmesini içerir.
3. Artificial (adj):
Definition: Made by humans; not natural. Turkish: İnsan yapımı; doğal olmayan. Sample Sentence: The artificial material used in the bridge construction is lighter and more durable than natural alternatives. Turkish Translation: Köprü inşaatında kullanılan yapay malzeme, doğal alternatiflerden daha hafif ve dayanıklıdır.
4. Circulate (v):
Definition: To move around or pass from person to person. Turkish: Bir yerden bir yere hareket etmek veya kişiden kişiye geçmek. Sample Sentence: The team circulated ideas to gather feedback before finalizing the project plan. Turkish Translation: Ekip, proje planını sonlandırmadan önce fikirlerini dolaştırarak geri bildirim topladı.
5. Specialist (n):
Definition: An expert in a particular field or subject. Turkish: Belirli bir alan veya konuda uzman kişi. Sample Sentence: We consulted a computer specialist to help with the technical aspects of the project. Turkish Translation: Projenin teknik yönlerine yardımcı olmak için bir bilgisayar uzmanına danıştık.
6. Contractor (n):
Definition: A person or company that is hired to perform work or provide services. Turkish: İş yapmak veya hizmet sağlamak için tutulan kişi veya şirket. Sample Sentence: The contractor will be responsible for building the new bridge according to the engineering plans. Turkish Translation: Yüklenici, mühendislik planlarına uygun olarak yeni köprüyü inşa etmekten sorumlu olacak.
7. Incorporate (v):
Definition: To include or integrate something into a larger whole. Turkish: Bir şeyi daha büyük bir bütüne dahil etmek veya entegre etmek. Sample Sentence: The team decided to incorporate sustainable materials into the design to make it more eco-friendly. Turkish Translation: Ekip, tasarımı daha çevre dostu hale getirmek için sürdürülebilir malzemeleri dahil etmeye karar verdi.
8. Approve (v):
Definition: To officially agree to or accept a plan or idea. Turkish: Bir plan veya fikri resmi olarak kabul etmek. Sample Sentence: The committee will approve the budget once all necessary changes have been made. Turkish Translation: Gerekli tüm değişiklikler yapıldıktan sonra komite bütçeyi onaylayacak.
9. Approval (n):
Definition: The act of officially agreeing to or accepting something. Turkish: Bir şeyi resmi olarak kabul etme eylemi. Sample Sentence: The project cannot proceed without the manager's approval. Turkish Translation: Proje, yöneticinin onayı olmadan ilerleyemez.
10. Hard Copy (n):
Definition: A physical, printed version of a document. Turkish: Bir belgenin fiziksel, basılı versiyonu. Sample Sentence: Please submit both a digital and a hard copy of your report to the supervisor. Turkish Translation: Lütfen raporunuzun hem dijital hem de basılı bir kopyasını süpervizöre teslim edin.
11. Fabrication (n):
Definition: The process of creating a product or structure from raw materials. Turkish: Hammaddelerden bir ürün veya yapı oluşturma süreci. Sample Sentence: The fabrication of the prototype involved cutting, shaping, and assembling various components. Turkish Translation: Prototipin üretimi, çeşitli bileşenlerin kesilmesi, şekillendirilmesi ve monte edilmesini içeriyordu.
12. Submit (v):
Definition: To present or hand in a document, proposal, or assignment for review. Turkish: Gözden geçirilmek üzere bir belge, teklif veya ödevi sunmak veya teslim etmek. Sample Sentence: Students are required to submit their essays by the end of the week. Turkish Translation: Öğrenciler, makalelerini haftanın sonuna kadar teslim etmek zorundadır.
13. Overall Layout (n):
Definition: The general arrangement or organization of a design. Turkish: Bir tasarımın genel düzenlemesi veya organizasyonu. Sample Sentence: The overall layout of the building includes offices on the upper floors and a lobby on the ground floor. Turkish Translation: Binanın genel düzeni, üst katlarda ofisler ve zemin katta bir lobi içerir.
14. Initial Ideas (n):
Definition: The first thoughts or concepts in the early stages of planning. Turkish: Planlamanın erken aşamalarındaki ilk düşünceler veya kavramlar. Sample Sentence: Before diving into the project, the team discussed their initial ideas to ensure everyone was on the same page. Turkish Translation: Projeye başlamadan önce ekip, herkesin aynı fikirde olduğundan emin olmak için ilk fikirlerini tartıştı.
15. Approximate Dimensions (n):
Definition: Estimated measurements or size. Turkish: Tahmini ölçüler veya boyutlar. Sample Sentence: Provide the approximate dimensions of the structure before we finalize the blueprints. Turkish Translation: Mavi baskıları sonlandırmadan önce yapının tahmini boyutlarını sağlayın.
16. Outline (v):
Definition: To give a brief description or overview of a plan or idea. Turkish: Bir plan veya fikrin kısa bir tanımını veya genel bir özetini vermek. Sample Sentence: The manager outlined the project goals and expected outcomes during the team meeting. Turkish Translation: Yönetici, ekip toplantısında proje hedeflerini ve beklenen sonuçları özetledi.
17. Kick-off (n):
Definition: The beginning or start of a project. Turkish: Bir projenin başlangıcı. Sample Sentence: The kick-off meeting is scheduled for next Monday to discuss the project's objectives and timeline. Turkish Translation: Proje hedeflerini ve zaman çizelgesini tartışmak için başlangıç toplantısı önümüzdeki Pazartesi günü planlandı.
18. Clarify (v):
Definition: To make something clear or understandable. Turkish: Bir şeyi netleştirmek veya anlaşılır hale getirmek. Sample Sentence: If you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask and clarify any uncertainties. Turkish Translation: Eğer sorularınız varsa, sormaktan çekinmeyin ve belirsizlikleri netleştirin.
19. Formulate (v):
Definition: To create or develop a plan or strategy. Turkish: Bir plan veya strateji oluşturmak veya geliştirmek. Sample Sentence: The team needs to formulate a solution to address the technical challenges in the project. Turkish Translation: Ekip, projedeki teknik zorlukları ele almak için bir çözüm formüle etmelidir.
20. Query (n):
Definition: A question or inquiry seeking information. Turkish: Bilgi arayan bir soru veya sorgu. Sample Sentence: Submit your queries in writing, and we will address them during the Q&A session. Turkish Translation: Soru ve sorgularınızı yazılı olarak iletin, onları Soru-Cevap oturumunda ele alacağız.
21. Revise (v):
Definition: To make changes or corrections to a document or plan. Turkish: Bir belge veya plana değişiklik yapmak veya düzeltmeler eklemek. Sample Sentence: After receiving feedback, the team will revise the design to meet the project requirements. Turkish Translation: Geri bildirim aldıktan sonra ekip, tasarımı proje gereksinimlerini karşılayacak şekilde gözden geçirecek.
22. Encounter (v):
Definition: To come across or experience something, often unexpectedly. Turkish: Çoğu zaman beklenmedik bir şekilde bir şeyle karşılaşmak veya deneyimlemek. Sample Sentence: Engineers may encounter unexpected challenges during the construction phase that require quick solutions. Turkish Translation: Mühendisler, inşaat aşamasında hızlı çözümler gerektiren beklenmedik zorluklarla karşılaşabilirler.
23. Amend (v):
Definition: To make minor changes or modifications to a document or plan. Turkish: Bir belge veya plana küçük değişiklikler veya düzenlemeler yapmak. Sample Sentence: Please review and amend any errors in the report before final submission. Turkish Translation: Lütfen nihai teslimattan önce rapordaki hataları gözden geçirip düzeltin.
24. Amendment (n):
Definition: A change or addition made to a document or plan. Turkish: Bir belge veya plana yapılan değişiklik veya ekleme. Sample Sentence: The committee discussed and approved the proposed amendments to the project timeline. Turkish Translation: Komite, proje zaman çizelgesine önerilen değişiklikleri tartıştı ve onayladı.
25. Issue (v):
Definition: To present or distribute officially, such as documents or instructions. Turkish: Belgeler veya talimatlar gibi resmi olarak sunmak veya dağıtmak. Sample Sentence: The company will issue a new set of guidelines for workplace safety. Turkish Translation: Şirket, işyeri güvenliği için yeni bir kılavuz seti yayınlayacak.
26. Issue (n):
Definition: A matter or topic of concern. Turkish: Endişe duyulan bir konu veya mesele. Sample Sentence: The team discussed the critical issues affecting the progress of the project. Turkish Translation: Ekip, projenin ilerlemesini etkileyen kritik konuları tartıştı.
27. Supersede (v):
Definition: To replace or take the place of something. Turkish: Bir şeyin yerini almak veya yerine geçmek. Sample Sentence: The updated version of the software will supersede the previous one with enhanced features. Turkish Translation: Yazılımın güncellenmiş sürümü, geliştirilmiş özelliklerle önceki sürümün yerini alacak.
28. Design Interface (n):
Definition: The point of interaction between different components or systems in a design. Turkish: Bir tasarımdaki farklı bileşenler veya sistemler arasındaki etkileşim noktası. Sample Sentence: Engineers must ensure a smooth design interface between the software and hardware components. Turkish Translation: Mühendisler, yazılım ve donanım bileşenleri arasında sorunsuz bir tasarım arayüzü sağlamak zorundadır.
29. Flow Procedure (n):
Definition: The step-by-step sequence of tasks in a process. Turkish: Bir süreçteki adım adım görevler dizisi. Sample Sentence: Understanding the flow procedure is crucial for efficient operation in a manufacturing environment. Turkish Translation: Akış prosedürünü anlamak, bir üretim ortamında verimli operasyon için çok önemlidir.
DESIGN PHASES
1.The Design Brief:
•Definition: A document that outlines the goals, requirements, and constraints of a design project. It serves as a guide for the design team, providing essential information to ensure the project aligns with the client's expectations.
2.Rough Sketches:
•Definition: Quick and informal drawings that capture initial ideas and concepts. Rough sketches help designers visualize possibilities before moving on to more detailed plans.
3.Preliminary Drawings:
•Definition: More refined drawings that follow the initial sketches. Preliminary drawings start to incorporate specific details and may include basic dimensions and features.
4.Working Drawings:
•Definition: Detailed and comprehensive drawings that provide the information needed for construction or implementation. Working drawings include precise measurements, materials, and technical specifications.
5.Amended/Revised Drawings:
•Definition: Drawings that have undergone changes or modifications in response to feedback, errors, or alterations in project requirements. Amended or revised drawings reflect the updated design.
These design phases collectively form a structured process, ensuring a systematic and thorough approach to the development of a project.
Sample Project: Designing a Community Park
1.The Design Brief:
•The city government has requested the creation of a new community park in a specific neighborhood. The design brief outlines the goals, including providing recreational spaces, incorporating sustainable features, and adhering to a specified budget. Key requirements include a playground, walking paths, and green areas.
2.Rough Sketches:
•The design team begins with rough sketches to explore different layouts for the park. Initial ideas include variations in the placement of the playground, pathways, and seating areas. These sketches are presented to the stakeholders for initial feedback.
3.Preliminary Drawings:
•Based on the feedback received, the team develops preliminary drawings that refine the chosen concept. These drawings start to include specific details, such as the dimensions of the playground equipment, suggested plantings, and the proposed locations of benches and picnic areas.
4.Working Drawings:
•With the approved preliminary drawings, the team creates detailed working drawings. These drawings specify precise measurements for all elements of the park, including the exact placement of each play structure, the type of materials to be used, and the specifications for the walking paths. These drawings serve as the blueprint for construction.
5.Amended/Revised Drawings:
•Following a review by the city's landscape committee, some adjustments are requested. These might include changes to the types of plants selected for landscaping or minor alterations to the pathway layout. The designer makes the necessary amendments, and revised drawings are submitted for final approval.
This phased approach ensures that each stage of the design process is carefully considered and refined. The project moves from conceptualization in the design brief through exploration in rough sketches to detailed planning in preliminary and working drawings. The flexibility to amend or revise drawings allows for feedback to be incorporated, resulting in a final design that meets both the client's expectations and the practical requirements of the project.
READING
Read the text below and answer the questions (B1 level):
"Greenovation Tower: A Sustainable Smart Building"
In the bustling heart of the city, a groundbreaking project is underway – the design and construction of Greenovation Tower, an environmentally friendly smart building that aims to revolutionize urban living.
Design Phase and Design Procedure: Greenovation Tower's journey began with an extensive design phase, where architects and engineers collaborated to outline the building's features. The design procedure involved brainstorming sessions to ensure the integration of eco-friendly technologies and smart systems.
Initial Ideas and Circulation: During the kick-off meeting, the design team circulated their initial ideas for a building that blends artificial intelligence with sustainable architecture. The specialists proposed incorporating green roofs, solar panels, and energy-efficient systems to minimize environmental impact.
Overall Layout and Approximate Dimensions: The overall layout of Greenovation Tower maximizes natural light and ventilation. Preliminary drawings were created, considering approximate dimensions to optimize space for eco-friendly features such as recycling stations and energy-efficient elevators.
Working with Contractors and Fabrication: To bring the vision to life, a contractor with expertise in sustainable construction was chosen. Fabrication involved using recycled and locally sourced materials, aligning with the commitment to reduce the building's carbon footprint.
Design Interface and Flow Procedure: Smart technology is seamlessly integrated into the design interface, allowing residents to control lighting, heating, and cooling systems with a user-friendly app. The flow procedure ensures efficient energy use and promotes a comfortable living environment.
Submission and Approval: Once the working drawings were complete, the plans were submitted for approval. The city's architectural review board carefully examined the proposal, ensuring it adhered to environmental standards. After some clarifications and minor amendments, the approval was granted.
Encountering Challenges and Revisions: During the construction phase, the team encountered challenges related to unforeseen weather conditions. They had to revise certain aspects of the construction timeline and amend the plans to accommodate these challenges without compromising the building's sustainability goals.
Superseding Technology and Amendments: Greenovation Tower aims to be future-proof by allowing for the superseding of technology. Smart systems and eco-friendly features can be easily upgraded as new advancements emerge, ensuring the building remains at the forefront of sustainability.
Issuing the Final Structure: Upon completion, the team issued the final structure – a state-of-the-art, environmentally friendly smart building. The hard copy of the building's blueprints, showcasing its sustainable features, was distributed to the public.
In conclusion, Greenovation Tower stands as a testament to the successful collaboration of specialists, contractors, and the community in formulating a sustainable and smart living space. Through a meticulous design procedure, approval processes, and revisions, this building exemplifies the possibilities of creating a harmonious balance between technology and environmental consciousness.
1.What is the main focus of Greenovation Tower's design?
A) Maximizing profits B) Incorporating artificial intelligence
C) Using traditional construction materials D) Reducing environmental impact
2.What was the purpose of the kick-off meeting mentioned in the text?
A) Approving the final structure B) Circulating initial ideas
C) Issuing the final blueprints D) Encountering construction challenges
3.Which sustainable feature is NOT mentioned in the text as part of Greenovation Tower's design?
A) Green roofs B) Energy-efficient elevators
C) Centralized heating D) Solar panels
4.What role did the city's architectural review board play in the project?
A) They ensured compliance with environmental standards
B) They encountered construction challenges
C) They submitted the plans for approval
D) They issued the final structure
5.What does the text mention as a factor contributing to the building's future-proof design?
A) Regular amendments to the plans B) Resistance to technological advancements
C) Difficulty in upgrading smart systems D) Ease of superseding technology
6.What did the team encounter during the construction phase of Greenovation Tower?
A) Circulation of initial ideas B) Challenges related to weather conditions
C) Approval from the architectural review board D) Incorporation of artificial intelligence
Answers and explanations:
1.What is the main focus of Greenovation Tower's design?
Answer: D) Reducing environmental impact
Explanation: The text mentions that Greenovation Tower aims to blend artificial intelligence with sustainable architecture, focusing on features like green roofs, solar panels, and energy-efficient systems to minimize environmental impact.
2.What was the purpose of the kick-off meeting mentioned in the text?
Answer: B) Circulating initial ideas
Explanation: The kick-off meeting is mentioned as a point where the design team circulated their initial ideas for a building that combines artificial intelligence with sustainable architecture.
3.Which sustainable feature is NOT mentioned in the text as part of Greenovation Tower's design?
Answer: C) Centralized heating
Explanation: The text does not specifically mention centralized heating as one of the sustainable features of Greenovation Tower.
4.What role did the city's architectural review board play in the project?
Answer: A) They ensured compliance with environmental standards
Explanation: The architectural review board carefully examined the proposal to ensure it adhered to environmental standards before granting approval.
5.What does the text mention as a factor contributing to the building's future-proof design?
Answer: D) Ease of superseding technology
Explanation: The text states that Greenovation Tower allows for the superseding of technology, ensuring that smart systems and eco-friendly features can be easily upgraded as new advancements emerge.
6.What did the team encounter during the construction phase of Greenovation Tower?
Answer: B) Challenges related to weather conditions
Explanation: The text mentions that during the construction phase, the team encountered challenges related to unforeseen weather conditions, leading to revisions in the construction timeline.
Read the text below and put the paragraphs in the correct order (B1 level):
The SmartHarvest 3000: Revolutionizing Agricultural Automation
The SmartHarvest 3000 is an advanced agricultural machine designed to revolutionize the harvesting process. This innovative smart machine incorporates cutting-edge technologies to enhance efficiency and sustainability in agriculture. Equipped with precision sensors and artificial intelligence, the SmartHarvest 3000 autonomously navigates fields, identifying ripe crops and optimizing harvesting techniques.
1. …….
2. …….
3. …….
4. …….
5. …….
In conclusion, the design journey of the SmartHarvest 3000 demonstrates the iterative nature of creating a smart machine. From the initial design brief to the amended drawings, each phase played a vital role in shaping an advanced agricultural solution that aligns with the evolving demands of modern farming practices.
PARAGRAPHS:
A. With the chosen rough sketch in mind, the design team progressed to preliminary drawings, adding more detail and specificity to the SmartHarvest 3000's design. These drawings incorporated approximate dimensions, outlining the size and proportions of the machine. The team also began to consider the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as artificial intelligence for real-time data analysis and decision-making during the harvesting process.
B. During the testing phase, the SmartHarvest 3000 encountered real-world challenges that necessitated adjustments. Amended drawings were created to reflect these modifications, addressing issues related to the machine's performance and adaptability in different agricultural environments. The amendments were crucial in fine-tuning the SmartHarvest 3000, ensuring it met the needs of farmers effectively and efficiently.
C. The inception of the SmartHarvest 3000 began with a comprehensive design brief that outlined the need for an innovative, efficient, and environmentally friendly smart machine to revolutionize agricultural processes. The design brief detailed requirements such as increased harvesting speed, reduced resource usage, and compatibility with various crop types. The primary goal was to address the challenges faced by modern farmers and enhance overall productivity while minimizing environmental impact.
D. As the design matured, the focus shifted to creating working drawings that served as a blueprint for the actual construction of the SmartHarvest 3000. These detailed drawings specified the precise measurements of each component, the materials to be used, and the assembly process. The working drawings were instrumental in guiding the engineers and manufacturers through the fabrication of the machine, ensuring that the final product matched the envisioned smart agricultural solution.
E. In the initial phase of development, engineers and designers engaged in creating rough sketches to visualize the SmartHarvest 3000's basic structure and key components. These sketches explored different configurations, considering factors like size, mobility, and the arrangement of sensors and harvesting mechanisms. The rough sketches allowed the team to quickly iterate through various design possibilities before settling on a concept that aligned with the outlined goals from the design brief.
Reading text Answer key: 1. C 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. B
Vocabulary exercises
1. Match the words with their synonyms
a.clarify b.incorporate c.supersede d.approximate e.circulate f.revise
Synonyms: 1. update …… 2. amend …… 3. include ……4. rough ……5. issue ……
2. Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the correct words
a.clarify b.incorporate c.supersede d.approximate e.circulate f.revise
1. The manager decided to ___________ the proposal to all team members for feedback before the final decision.
2. The architect aimed to ___________ sustainable materials into the construction design for the eco-friendly building.
3. Can you please ___________ the main points of the presentation to ensure everyone understands the key concepts?
4. After receiving constructive feedback, the writer decided to ___________ the draft to improve its clarity and coherence.
5. The new software will ___________ the outdated version, providing enhanced features and improved performance.
6. The engineer provided ___________ dimensions for the construction team, allowing for flexibility during the planning phase.
Vocabulary Answer key 1 : 1. c 2. f 3. b 4. d 5. e
Vocabulary Answer key 2 : 1. e 2. b 3. a 4. f 5. c 6. d
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