LENG101 FRESHMAN ENGLISH – Extensive supporting material
Unit 5 – Breaking point
Vocabulary pp.38-39 – Describing types of technical problems
The definitions and sample sentences:
1. Endurance Car Race (n):
Definition: A long-distance racing event testing the durability and performance of both the vehicle and the driver. Sample Sentence: The Le Mans 24-hour endurance car race is famous for pushing the limits of both man and machine. Turkish Definition: Araç ve sürücünün dayanıklılığını test eden uzun mesafeli bir yarış etkinliği. Turkish Sentence: Le Mans 24 saatlik dayanıklılık araba yarışı, hem insanın hem de makinenin sınırlarını zorlamasıyla ünlüdür.
2. Endurance (n):
Definition: The ability to withstand difficult conditions over a prolonged period. Sample Sentence: In engineering, the endurance of materials is crucial for ensuring long-lasting and reliable structures. Turkish Definition: Zorlu koşullara uzun süre dayanabilme yeteneği. Turkish Sentence: Mühendislikte, malzemelerin dayanıklılığı, uzun ömürlü ve güvenilir yapılar için çok önemlidir.
3. Endure (v):
Definition: To withstand or tolerate adverse conditions. Sample Sentence: Engineers design structures to endure extreme weather conditions and remain functional. Turkish Definition: Zor koşullara dayanmak veya tahammül etmek. Turkish Sentence: Mühendisler, aşırı hava koşullarına dayanacak ve işlevsel kalacak yapılar tasarlar.
4. Test Session (n):
Definition: A scheduled period for evaluating the performance or reliability of a system or product. Sample Sentence: Before launching a new product, engineers conduct rigorous test sessions to identify potential issues. Turkish Definition: Bir sistemin veya ürünün performansını veya güvenilirliğini değerlendirmek için planlanmış bir süre. Turkish Sentence: Yeni bir ürün piyasaya sürülmeden önce, mühendisler olası sorunları belirlemek için titiz test oturumları düzenler.
5. Reliability (n):
Definition: The quality of being trustworthy and consistently performing as expected. Sample Sentence: In engineering, the reliability of a system is paramount to ensure its safety and effectiveness. Turkish Definition: Güvenilir olma ve sürekli olarak beklenildiği gibi performans gösterme özelliği.
Turkish Sentence: Mühendislikte, bir sistemin güvenilirliği, güvenliğini ve etkinliğini sağlamak için çok önemlidir.
6. Old Saying (n):
Definition: A traditional and widely accepted statement or proverb. Sample Sentence: There's an old saying in engineering: 'Measure twice, cut once,' emphasizing the importance of precision. Turkish Definition: Geleneksel ve yaygın olarak kabul edilen bir ifade veya atasözü. Turkish Sentence: Mühendislikte bir atasözü vardır: 'İki kez ölç, bir kez kes,' bu da hassasiyetin önemini vurgular.
7. Wear and Tear (n):
Definition: Damage or deterioration resulting from ordinary use. Sample Sentence: Regular maintenance is essential to prevent wear and tear on machinery in industrial settings. Turkish Definition: Normal kullanım sonucu oluşan zarar veya aşınma. Turkish Sentence: Sanayi ortamlarında makinelerde aşınmayı önlemek için düzenli bakım şarttır.
8. Wear/Wear Out (v):
Definition: To gradually damage or become damaged through use. Sample Sentence: Continuous friction can wear out the gears in a machine over time. Turkish Definition: Kullanım sonucu yavaş yavaş zarar görmek veya zarar vermek. Turkish Sentence: Sürekli sürtünme zamanla bir makinedeki dişlileri aşındırabilir.
9. Chassis (n):
Definition: The framework or structural support of a vehicle. Sample Sentence: The chassis of a car is designed to provide strength and support to all its components. Turkish Definition: Bir aracın iskeleti veya yapısal desteği. Turkish Sentence: Bir arabanın şasisi, tüm bileşenlerine güç ve destek sağlamak için tasarlanmıştır.
10. Gearbox (n):
Definition: The component in a vehicle that transmits power from the engine to the wheels. Sample Sentence: The gearbox allows the driver to control the speed and direction of the vehicle. Turkish Definition: Motorun gücünü tekerleklere ileten araç bileşeni. Turkish Sentence: Şanzıman, sürücünün aracın hızını ve yönünü kontrol etmesini sağlar.
11. Clutch (n):
Definition: A mechanical device that engages and disengages power transmission, especially in a vehicle. Sample Sentence: When you press the clutch pedal in a manual car, you disengage the engine from the gearbox to change gears. Turkish Definition: Güç aktarımını devreye sokan veya devreden çıkaran mekanik cihaz. Turkish Sentence: Manuel bir arabada debriyaj pedalına bastığınızda, motoru şanzımandan ayırarak vites değiştirirsiniz.
12. Suspension (n):
Definition: The system of springs, shock absorbers, and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. Sample Sentence: A good suspension system is essential for a smooth and comfortable ride in a car. Turkish Definition: Bir aracı tekerleklerine bağlayan yaylar, amortisörler ve bağlantılar sistemi. Turkish Sentence: Arabada pürüzsüz ve konforlu bir sürüş için iyi bir süspansiyon sistemi şarttır.
13. Coolant (n):
Definition: A liquid or gas used to cool an engine or other machinery. Sample Sentence: The coolant in the car's radiator helps regulate the engine temperature and prevent overheating. Turkish Definition: Motoru veya diğer makineleri soğutmak için kullanılan bir sıvı veya gaz. Turkish Sentence: Arabanın radyatöründeki soğutucu, motor sıcaklığını düzenlemeye ve aşırı ısınmayı önlemeye yardımcı olur.
14. Circuit (in Electricity) (n):
Definition: The complete path of an electric current, typically including a power source, conductors, and a load. Sample Sentence: Engineers must ensure a closed circuit for electricity to flow and power devices. Turkish Definition: Elektrik akımının, genellikle bir güç kaynağı, iletkenler ve bir yük içeren tam yolu. Turkish Sentence: Elektrik akımının akması ve cihazları çalıştırması için mühendislerin kapalı bir devre sağlaması gerekir.
15. Circuit (in Racing) (n):
Definition: A defined route or track used for racing events. Sample Sentence: The Formula 1 circuit in Monaco is known for its challenging twists and turns. Turkish Definition: Yarış etkinliklerinde kullanılan belirli bir rota veya pist. Turkish Sentence: Monako’daki Formula 1 pisti, zorlu virajlarıyla ünlüdür.
16. Jam (n):
Definition: A situation where a moving part becomes stuck and cannot move freely. Sample Sentence: If there's a jam in the machinery, it's important to stop and address the issue to avoid damage. Turkish Definition: Hareketli bir parçanın sıkışıp serbestçe hareket edemediği durum. Turkish Sentence: Makinelerde bir sıkışma olursa, hasarı önlemek için durup sorunu çözmek önemlidir.
17. Snap (v):
Definition: To break suddenly and sharply. Sample Sentence: A sudden increase in pressure can cause pipes to snap, leading to leaks. Turkish Definition: Aniden ve keskin bir şekilde kırılmak. Turkish Sentence: Ani bir basınç artışı boruların kırılmasına ve sızıntıya neden olabilir.
18. Bend (v):
Definition: To deform or curve due to pressure or force. Sample Sentence: Metal rods may bend under excessive weight or stress.
Turkish Definition: Basınç veya kuvvet nedeniyle şekil değiştirmek veya eğilmek. Turkish Sentence: Metal çubuklar aşırı ağırlık veya stres altında eğilebilir.
19. Crack (v):
Definition: To develop a line or fissure on the surface due to damage or stress. Sample Sentence: If you drop the glass, it may crack and need replacement. Turkish Definition: Hasar veya stres nedeniyle yüzeyde bir çizgi veya çatlak oluşması. Turkish Sentence: Camı düşürürseniz, çatlayabilir ve değiştirilmesi gerekebilir.
20. Crack (n):
Definition: A narrow opening or fissure, especially in a surface. Sample Sentence: Inspect the structure for any cracks to ensure its integrity. Turkish Definition: Özellikle bir yüzeyde dar bir açıklık veya çatlak. Turkish Sentence: Yapının bütünlüğünü sağlamak için herhangi bir çatlak olup olmadığını kontrol edin.
21. Blow Up (v):
Definition: To burst or explode suddenly. Sample Sentence: Overheating can cause the engine to blow up if not addressed promptly. Turkish Definition: Aniden patlamak veya infilak etmek. Turkish Sentence: Aşırı ısınma, zamanında müdahale edilmezse motorun patlamasına neden olabilir.
22. Clog Up (v):
Definition: To become blocked or obstructed. Sample Sentence: If you don't clean the filters regularly, pipes can clog up, causing drainage issues. Turkish Definition: Tıkanmak veya engellenmek. Turkish Sentence: Filtreleri düzenli olarak temizlemezseniz, borular tıkanabilir ve drenaj sorunlarına yol açabilir.
23. Leak Out (v):
Definition: To escape or seep out unintentionally. Sample Sentence: It's important to fix any leaks promptly to prevent damage to electronic components. Turkish Definition: İstenmeden dışarı sızmak. Turkish Sentence: Elektronik bileşenlere zarar gelmesini önlemek için herhangi bir sızıntıyı hemen onarmak önemlidir.
24. Run Out (of sth) (v):
Definition: To exhaust the supply of something. Sample Sentence: If you run out of fuel during a race, it can cost you valuable time. Turkish Definition: Bir şeyin kaynağını tüketmek. Turkish Sentence: Bir yarış sırasında yakıtınız biterse, bu size değerli zaman kaybettirebilir.
25. Cut Out (v):
Definition: To suddenly stop working or operating. Sample Sentence: The engine cut out, and the mechanic had to diagnose the issue.
Turkish Definition: Aniden çalışmayı veya işlevini durdurmak. Turkish Sentence: Motor durdu ve tamircinin sorunu teşhis etmesi gerekti.
26. Side Pod (n):
Definition: A component on the side of a racing car that houses various elements, such as radiators or aerodynamic features. Sample Sentence: The side pods play a crucial role in maintaining the car's optimal temperature during a race. Turkish Definition: Yarış arabasının yanlarında, radyatörler veya aerodinamik özellikler gibi çeşitli unsurları barındıran bileşen. Turkish Sentence: Yan paneller, yarış sırasında arabanın optimum sıcaklığını korumada önemli bir rol oynar.
27. Pour Out (of sth) (v):
Definition: To flow or discharge in large quantities. Sample Sentence: If the container is damaged, the liquid may pour out, causing a safety hazard. Turkish Definition: Büyük miktarlarda akmak veya boşalmak. Turkish Sentence: Konteyner zarar görürse, sıvı dökülerek bir güvenlik tehlikesine neden olabilir.
28. Pool (of sth) (n):
Definition: A collection or accumulation of a substance. Sample Sentence: After the rain, a pool of water formed around the drain, indicating poor drainage. Turkish Definition: Bir madde birikintisi veya birikimi. Turkish Sentence: Yağmurdan sonra giderin etrafında bir su birikintisi oluştu ve bu, kötü drenajın bir göstergesiydi.
29. Loose/Work Loose/Loosen Up (v):
Definition: To become less firmly fixed or tight. Sample Sentence: Check if any bolts have worked loose to ensure the stability of the structure. Turkish Definition: Daha az sıkı veya gevşek hale gelmek. Turkish Sentence: Yapının stabilitesini sağlamak için herhangi bir civatanın gevşeyip gevşemediğini kontrol edin.
READING
Read the the text below and mark the sentences as True or False (B1 level):
The Challenges of Endurance Car Racing
In the exciting world of endurance car racing, engineers face numerous challenges to ensure the reliability and endurance of both the vehicles and their components. The saying "It's not a sprint, it's a marathon" holds true in these races, where cars endure long hours on the track, pushing the limits of technology and engineering.
During the test sessions leading up to an endurance car race, engineers meticulously examine every aspect of the vehicle to guarantee its reliability. The chassis, a crucial component that forms the car's framework, must endure the stress and strain of high-speed racing. It's a common old saying in the racing world that a sturdy chassis is the foundation of a successful endurance car.
The gearbox and clutch play vital roles in the endurance of a racing car. These components endure rapid shifts and engage-disengage cycles during the race, demanding robust design and careful maintenance. The suspension system, responsible for handling the bends and twists of the race circuit, undergoes extensive testing to ensure it can endure the continuous shocks and vibrations.
Coolant, essential for regulating engine temperature, prevents the engine from overheating during the demanding race conditions. Engineers carefully monitor the circuit, not only in terms of electricity flow but also the intricate racing circuit where drivers endure various challenges such as tight turns and straightaways.
However, challenges can arise during a race. A sudden jam in the gearbox or a snap in the suspension can jeopardize the reliability of the entire vehicle. If a component works loose or starts to loosen up, it may affect the car's performance and, in some cases, lead to a dangerous situation on the track.
In extreme cases, a racing car might experience a blow-up due to engine stress or a crack in a critical component. It's not uncommon for coolant to pour out, causing a pool of liquid on the track. Such situations require immediate attention from the racing team to prevent further damage.
Engineers must also be wary of potential issues that can clog up systems. The accumulation of debris or dirt may cause the radiators clog up, leading to a decrease in performance. Another issue they need to monitor continuously is leaks that may cause the car run out of its vital fluids. If a car runs out of fuel during the race, for example, it can result in an unexpected cut out, requiring quick thinking from the racing team.
One fascinating feature of endurance racing cars is the side pod, which often houses important elements like radiators. These pods endure extreme conditions, ensuring that the car's temperature remains within optimal ranges.
In conclusion, endurance car racing is a true test of engineering endurance. Engineers must design and maintain vehicles that can endure the wear and tear of prolonged races, while also addressing unexpected challenges like jams, snaps, and leaks. With careful testing, reliability becomes the cornerstone of success in the thrilling world of endurance car racing.
Mark the statements as True or False according to the text.
1.The world of endurance car racing presents engineers with numerous challenges to ensure the durability of both vehicles and their components. …..
2.Contrary to popular belief, endurance car racing is more of a sprint than a marathon. …..
3.Engineers thoroughly inspect every aspect of a vehicle in the lead-up to an endurance car race to ensure its dependability. …..
4.According to a common racing saying, a robust chassis is fundamental for the success of an endurance car. …..
5.The endurance of a racing car depends significantly on the roles played by the gearbox and clutch, enduring rapid shifts and engage-disengage cycles during races. …..
6.The suspension system, responsible for navigating bends and twists in the race circuit, undergoes minimal testing for endurance. …..
7.Coolant plays a crucial role in maintaining the engine's temperature and preventing overheating during challenging race conditions. …..
8.Contrary to belief, challenges during a race, like a sudden jam in the gearbox or a snap in the suspension, rarely lead to dangerous situations on the track. …..
9.A snap in the suspension during a race cannot compromise the overall reliability of the vehicle. …..
10.The accumulation of debris or dirt in radiators does not pose a risk of decreasing the car's performance during an endurance race. …..
Answer key: 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. F
Read the text below and answer the questions (B2 level):
The Robotic Arms Revolution in Engineering Assembly Lines
In the fast-paced world of engineering assembly lines, robotic arms have become indispensable components, playing a pivotal role in ensuring the efficiency and precision of manufacturing processes. These sophisticated machines undergo rigorous testing sessions to guarantee their endurance and reliability in the face of demanding industrial tasks.
During a test session, engineers meticulously examine every aspect of the robotic arm, subjecting it to various challenges to assess its endurance. This testing phase is crucial to identify potential issues and vulnerabilities, ensuring that the robotic arm can endure the wear and tear of continuous operation on the assembly line.
The chassis of the robotic arm, akin to the backbone of a human body, must endure the stress and strain of repetitive movements. Engineers understand that a sturdy chassis is fundamental to the robotic arm's longevity and overall performance.
The gearbox and suspension system of the robotic arm play vital roles in enduring the rapid movements and precise adjustments required for assembly line tasks. These components are carefully designed and tested to withstand the constant wear and tear inherent in their operational cycles.
Coolant, a key element for regulating temperature, prevents the robotic arm from overheating during prolonged working hours. Engineers not only monitor the electrical circuit ensuring proper energy flow but also the intricate circuitry within the robotic arm itself.
However, challenges can arise during the operation of robotic arms. A sudden jam in the gearbox or a snap in a crucial component can jeopardize the reliability of the entire system. Engineers work diligently to address issues like cracks that may develop over time, potentially leading to a catastrophic failure if not detected and rectified promptly. In extreme cases, a robotic arm might experience a blow-up due to excessive stress or a critical component failure. This can result in coolant pouring out, creating a pool of liquid on the assembly line. Continuous monitoring is essential to detect and address leaks that may lead to vital fluids running out, causing the robotic arm to cut out unexpectedly. Engineers also need to be vigilant about potential issues that can clog up systems. The accumulation of debris may cause the robotic arm's components to wear out or malfunction. Such situations demand immediate attention to prevent further damage and maintain the overall reliability of the manufacturing process.
In conclusion, the integration of robotic arms in engineering assembly lines represents a technological leap forward. Through rigorous testing and attention to reliability, these machines endure the challenges posed by wear and tear, ensuring the smooth and efficient operation of modern manufacturing processes.
1.What is the primary role of robotic arms in engineering assembly lines?
a) Monitoring energy flow b) Ensuring endurance and reliability in manufacturing processes
c) Preventing coolant overheating d) Conducting test sessions for other components
2.What is the function of the chassis in a robotic arm?
a) Regulating temperature b) Serving as the backbone for the arm
c) Ensuring efficient energy flow d) Monitoring the electrical circuit
3.Why is a sturdy chassis considered fundamental for a robotic arm?
a) To prevent coolant leaks b) To endure the stress and strain of repetitive movements
c) To conduct test sessions d) To regulate temperature on the assembly line
4.What components of the robotic arm play vital roles in enduring rapid movements on the assembly line?
a) Gearbox and suspension system b) Coolant and circuitry
c) Chassis and electrical circuit d) Debris and leaks
5.What is the purpose of coolant in the robotic arm?
a) To create a pool of liquid b) To regulate engine temperature
c) To prevent wear and tear d) To endure the stress and strain of movements
6.What challenges can arise during the operation of robotic arms?
a) Prolonged working hours b) Rapid movements
c) Sudden jams or component snaps d) Proper energy flow
7.In extreme cases, what can happen if a robotic arm experiences a blow-up?
a) Debris accumulation b) Rapid adjustments
c) Coolant pouring out d) Successful manufacturing processes
8.Why is continuous monitoring essential for robotic arms?
a) To regulate engine temperature b) To endure wear and tear
c) To detect and address potential issues d) To conduct test sessions for reliability
Answers and explanations
1.What is the primary role of robotic arms in engineering assembly lines?
•Correct Answer: b) Ensuring endurance and reliability in manufacturing processes
•Explanation: The text mentions that robotic arms play a pivotal role in ensuring the efficiency and precision of manufacturing processes by undergoing testing sessions to guarantee their endurance and reliability.
2.What is the function of the chassis in a robotic arm?
•Correct Answer: b) Serving as the backbone for the arm
•Explanation: The text compares the chassis of a robotic arm to the backbone of a human body, emphasizing its role in enduring the stress and strain of repetitive movements.
3.Why is a sturdy chassis considered fundamental for a robotic arm?
•Correct Answer: b) To endure the stress and strain of repetitive movements
•Explanation: The text states that a sturdy chassis is fundamental for the robotic arm's longevity and overall performance, highlighting its role in enduring stress and strain.
4.What components of the robotic arm play vital roles in enduring rapid movements on the assembly line?
•Correct Answer: a) Gearbox and suspension system
•Explanation: The text mentions that the gearbox and suspension system play vital roles in enduring the rapid movements and precise adjustments required for assembly line tasks.
5.What is the purpose of coolant in the robotic arm?
•Correct Answer: b) To regulate engine temperature
•Explanation: The text indicates that coolant is a key element for regulating the temperature of the robotic arm, preventing it from overheating during prolonged working hours.
6.What challenges can arise during the operation of robotic arms?
•Correct Answer: c) Sudden jams or component snaps
•Explanation: The text mentions challenges such as a sudden jam in the gearbox or a snap in a crucial component that can jeopardize the reliability of the robotic arm.
7.In extreme cases, what can happen if a robotic arm experiences a blow-up?
•Correct Answer: c) Coolant pouring out
•Explanation: The text states that in extreme cases, a blow-up of the robotic arm can result in coolant pouring out, creating a pool of liquid on the assembly line.
8.Why is continuous monitoring essential for robotic arms?
•Correct Answer: c) To detect and address potential issues
•Explanation: The text highlights the importance of continuous monitoring to detect and address potential issues, including clogs, leaks, and other challenges that may arise during the operation of robotic arms.
Hiç yorum yok:
Yorum Gönder