LENG101 FRESHMAN ENGLISH – Extensive supporting material
Unit 4 – Engineering design
Vocabulary pp.36-37 – Resolving design problems
The definitions and sample sentences:
1. Make up a design (v) Definition: To create or form a plan for a structure or system. Sample sentence: Engineers make up a design before constructing a new bridge. Turkish Translation of Definition: Bir yapı veya sistem için plan oluşturmak veya tasarlamak. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Mühendisler, yeni bir köprü inşa etmeden önce bir tasarım yapar.
2. Arise (v) Definition: To come into existence or occur. Sample sentence: Unexpected issues can arise during the construction phase. Turkish Translation of Definition: Ortaya çıkmak veya meydana gelmek. Turkish Translation of Sentence: İnşaat aşamasında beklenmedik sorunlar ortaya çıkabilir.
3. Properly (adv) Definition: In the correct or appropriate manner. Sample sentence: It's crucial to follow safety guidelines properly in the laboratory. Turkish Translation of Definition: Doğru veya uygun bir şekilde. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Laboratuvarda güvenlik kurallarına uygun bir şekilde uymak çok önemlidir.
4. Coordinate (v) Definition: To organize and synchronize different components or activities. Sample sentence: The team must coordinate their efforts to ensure a smooth project. Turkish Translation of Definition: Farklı bileşenleri veya faaliyetleri organize etmek ve uyumlu hale getirmek. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Ekip, sorunsuz bir proje için çabalarını koordine etmelidir.
5. Correspondence (n) Definition: Communication by exchanging letters or emails. Sample sentence: Engineers use email for professional correspondence. Turkish Translation of Definition: Mektup veya e-posta yoluyla iletişim. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Mühendisler, profesyonel yazışmalar için e-posta kullanır.
6. Correspond (with) (v) Definition: To communicate or match with something. Sample sentence: The specifications should correspond with the client's requirements. Turkish Translation of Definition: Bir şeyle uyumlu olmak veya iletişimde bulunmak. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Teknik özellikler, müşterinin gereksinimleriyle uyumlu olmalıdır.
7. Query (n) Definition: A question or inquiry. Sample sentence: If you have any queries, please ask during the Q&A session. Turkish Translation of Definition: Bir soru veya bilgi talebi. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Sorularınız varsa, lütfen soru-cevap oturumunda sorun.
8. Query (v) Definition: To ask a question or seek information. Sample sentence: Feel free to query any uncertainties in the project. Turkish Translation of Definition: Soru sormak veya bilgi talep etmek. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Projedeki belirsizlikleri sormaktan çekinmeyin.
9. Instruction (n) Definition: A direction or order on how to do something. Sample sentence: The manual provides clear instructions for operating the machinery. Turkish Translation of Definition: Bir şeyin nasıl yapılacağına dair talimat veya yönerge. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Kılavuz, makinelerin kullanımı için net talimatlar sağlar.
10. Instruct (v) Definition: To give orders or directions. Sample sentence: The supervisor will instruct the team on the new safety protocols. Turkish Translation of Definition: Emir veya talimat vermek. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Denetçi, ekibe yeni güvenlik protokolleri hakkında talimat verecek.
11. Discrepancy (n) Definition: A difference or inconsistency. Sample sentence: The engineers need to investigate the discrepancy in the test results. Turkish Translation of Definition: Farklılık veya tutarsızlık. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Mühendisler, test sonuçlarındaki tutarsızlığı araştırmalıdır.
12. Indicate (v) Definition: To show or point out. Sample sentence: The arrow indicates the direction of assembly. Turkish Translation of Definition: Göstermek veya işaret etmek. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Ok, montaj yönünü gösterir.
13. Conflict (n) Definition: A disagreement or opposition. Sample sentence: Engineers should resolve conflicts in project plans. Turkish Translation of Definition: Bir anlaşmazlık veya karşıtlık. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Mühendisler, proje planlarındaki anlaşmazlıkları çözmelidir.
14. Conflict (v) Definition: To be incompatible or contradictory. Sample sentence: The proposed changes conflict with the existing design. Turkish Translation of Definition: Uyumsuz veya çelişkili olmak. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Önerilen değişiklikler mevcut tasarımla çelişiyor.
15. Conflicting (adj) Definition: Incompatible or contradictory. Sample sentence: The two sets of instructions are conflicting. Turkish Translation of Definition: Uyumsuz veya çelişkili. Turkish Translation of Sentence: İki talimat seti birbiriyle çelişiyor.
16. Disregard (v) Definition: To ignore or pay no attention to. Sample sentence: Do not disregard safety warnings in the workplace.
Turkish Translation of Definition: Göz ardı etmek veya dikkate almamak. Turkish Translation of Sentence: İş yerindeki güvenlik uyarılarını göz ardı etmeyin.
17. Clash (v) Definition: To collide or to be in each other’s way. Sample sentence: The pipes clashed with the electrical conduit, making them impossible to install together. Turkish Translation of Definition: Çarpışmak veya birbirine engel olmak. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Borular, elektrik kanalıyla çarpıştı ve birlikte kurulumunu imkansız hale getirdi.
18. Clash (n) Definition: A collision or conflict. Sample sentence: The clash between the load-bearing wall and the planned elevator shaft forced a structural re-evaluation. Turkish Translation of Definition: Çarpışma veya çatışma. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Taşıyıcı duvar ile planlanan asansör boşluğu arasındaki çatışma, yapısal bir yeniden değerlendirmeyi zorunlu kıldı.
19. Proposed (adj) Definition: Suggested or planned. Sample sentence: The proposed design changes aim to improve efficiency. Turkish Translation of Definition: Önerilen veya planlanan. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Önerilen tasarım değişiklikleri, verimliliği artırmayı hedefliyor.
20. As per Definition: According to or in accordance with. Sample sentence: The project should be completed as per the client's specifications. Turkish Translation of Definition: -e göre veya -e uygun olarak. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Proje, müşterinin teknik şartnamelerine uygun olarak tamamlanmalıdır.
21. Ceiling (n) Definition: The upper interior surface of a room. Sample sentence: Engineers need to consider the ceiling height when designing the lighting system. Turkish Translation of Definition: Bir odanın üst iç yüzeyi. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Mühendisler, aydınlatma sistemini tasarlarken tavan yüksekliğini dikkate almalıdır.
22. Void (n) Definition: An empty or unfilled space. Sample sentence: The architect left a void in the design for future expansion. Turkish Translation of Definition: Boş veya doldurulmamış bir alan. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Mimar, gelecekteki genişleme için tasarımda bir boşluk bıraktı.
23. Advise (v) Definition: To offer suggestions or recommendations. Sample sentence: The engineer will advise the client on the best materials for the project. Turkish Translation of Definition: Öneriler veya tavsiyeler sunmak. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Mühendis, proje için en iyi malzemeler konusunda müşteriye tavsiyede bulunacak.
24. Fixing (n) Definition: The act of fastening or securing something in place. Sample sentence: The fixing of the components should be done carefully to avoid structural issues. Turkish Translation of Definition: Bir şeyi yerine sabitleme veya güvence altına alma eylemi. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Parçaların sabitlenmesi, yapısal sorunları önlemek için dikkatli bir şekilde yapılmalıdır.
25. Spec (n) Definition: Specifications or detailed requirements. Sample sentence: Engineers should review the project spec before starting construction. Turkish Translation of Definition: Teknik özellikler veya ayrıntılı gereksinimler. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Mühendisler, inşaata başlamadan önce proje teknik şartnamesini incelemelidir.
26. Facilitate (v) Definition: To make a process or action easier. Sample sentence: The new software will facilitate data analysis in engineering projects. Turkish Translation of Definition: Bir süreci veya eylemi daha kolay hale getirmek. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Yeni yazılım, mühendislik projelerinde veri analizini kolaylaştıracak.
27. Straight away (adv) Definition: Immediately or without delay. Sample sentence: If you encounter a problem, report it straight away to the project manager. Turkish Translation of Definition: Derhal veya gecikmeden. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Bir sorunla karşılaşırsanız, derhal proje yöneticisine bildirin.
28. A row of sth (n) Definition: An arrangement of objects in a line. Sample sentence: The blueprint includes a row of solar panels on the roof. Turkish Translation of Definition: Bir dizi nesnenin bir sıra halinde düzenlenmesi. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Plan, çatıdaki bir dizi güneş panelini içeriyor.
29. Run along (v) Definition: To extend or follow a path. Sample sentence: The wiring needs to run along the designated conduit for safety. Turkish Translation of Definition: Uzatmak veya bir yolu takip etmek. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Kabloların güvenlik için belirlenen kanaldan geçmesi gerekiyor.
30. Redesign (v) Definition: To alter or make changes to an existing design. Sample sentence: Engineers may need to redesign the circuit for better performance. Turkish Translation of Definition: Mevcut bir tasarımı değiştirmek veya üzerinde değişiklik yapmak. Turkish Translation of Sentence: Mühendisler, daha iyi performans için devreyi yeniden tasarlamak zorunda kalabilir.
READING
Read the the e-mail below and mark the sentences as True or False (B1 level):
Urgent Discrepancy - Main Staircase Beam Installation
Dear [Contractor Name],
I'm writing to you today regarding a concerning discrepancy we've identified between the approved design plans and the current installation of the main staircase beam.
As per the structural engineering specifications (Rev. 4, Section 5.2.1), the beam should be a solid I-beam profile, 300mm x 100mm, fabricated from high-strength steel (grade 450). However, upon inspection this morning, we discovered that you've installed a hollow box beam with dimensions of 250mm x 150mm, made from standard mild steel.
This discrepancy raises several critical issues:
1.Structural integrity: The substituted beam may not possess the necessary strength and rigidity to support the anticipated load of the staircase, potentially compromising the building's safety.
2.Fire safety: The standard mild steel might not offer the same level of fire resistance as the specified high-strength steel, potentially jeopardizing the building's fire safety protocols.
3.Code compliance: Deviating from the approved plans without prior consultation puts us at risk of non-compliance with building codes and regulations, potentially leading to costly delays and rework.
We understand that unforeseen circumstances can arise on-site, but this deviation is significant and requires immediate attention. We kindly request that you:
1.Cease installation: Please halt any further work on the main staircase beam until we can discuss and rectify this situation.
2.Provide clarification: We need to understand the reasoning behind this substitution. Was it due to material shortage, a miscommunication, or another factor?
3.Propose solutions: Depending on the reason, we need to determine the best course of action. This could involve sourcing the correct beam, reinforcing the existing one, or exploring alternative solutions that meet the design requirements and safety standards.
We're available to meet on-site at your earliest convenience to discuss this further. Please let me know your preferred time and we'll be there.
Thank you for your cooperation in this urgent matter. We look forward to resolving this discrepancy swiftly and ensuring the project's continued success.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Design Team Lead
[Project Name]
Mark the statements as True or False according to the e-mail.
1. The contractor informed the design team about the beam change beforehand. …..
2. The design team specified a solid I-beam for the main staircase. …..
3. The contractor installed a hollow box beam instead. …..
4. The substituted beam is actually stronger than the specified one. ……
5. The substituted beam has different dimensions and material. …..
6. The design team approves of the alternative solution. …..
7. This discrepancy jeopardizes structural integrity, fire safety, and code compliance. …..
8. This is a minor issue that can be easily resolved. …..
9. The discrepancy is solely due to material shortage on-site. …..
10. The design team wants to understand the reason for the change. …..
Answer key: 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T
Read the text below and answer the questions (B1 level):
Addressing Design Challenges in Machinery Development
In the realm of engineering, crafting a design for a new piece of machinery is a meticulous process. Engineers strive to make up a design that not only meets the specified requirements but also adheres to safety standards. Recently, a design issue has arisen in the development of an advanced machinery system, prompting the need for a comprehensive review.
To properly comprehend the intricacies of the problem, it is crucial to coordinate efforts among the design team. Effective coordination ensures that each team member understands their role in addressing the challenges. This coordination extends to correspondence with various stakeholders, including suppliers and clients, to gather valuable insights.
In the initial stages, a query arose regarding the discrepancy between the proposed design and the specifications outlined in the initial instruction manual. Engineers were quick to indicate potential areas of conflict, addressing conflicting elements that could hinder the machinery's optimal functionality. Conflicting opinions within the team led to a disagreement during the design review meeting, emphasizing the importance of clear communication.
Despite the disagreement, the team decided to disregard the minor disagreements and focus on finding a solution. It was proposed that a redesign of certain components might resolve the conflicting issues. The team agreed to proceed with the redesign as per the latest industry standards and best practices.
The redesign process involved advising team members on the necessary modifications. Each team member was instructed to carefully fix the identified issues, following the updated specifications provided in the engineering spec. The spec outlined the detailed requirements for the redesigned components, facilitating a smoother implementation process.
To facilitate the redesign, engineers worked straight away to address the challenges. The updated design now includes a row of enhanced features, indicating a marked improvement in the machinery's overall performance. This redesign not only resolved the initial conflict but also laid the foundation for a more efficient and reliable machinery system.
In conclusion, the journey from identifying a design problem to implementing a solution involves effective coordination, clear correspondence, and the ability to address conflicts. The team's commitment to redesigning the machinery as per the updated specifications showcases the resilience and problem-solving skills essential in the field of engineering.
1. What is the primary focus of the text?
a. Addressing conflicts in team communication
b. Exploring the history of machinery development
c. Discussing machinery design challenges in engineering
d. Reviewing safety standards in engineering
2. Why did the design issue arise in the machinery development process?
a. Lack of coordination within the design team c. Conflicts with suppliers
b. Disregard for safety standards d. Inadequate instruction in the manual
3. What role does correspondence play in the text?
a. Coordinating efforts among team members c. Redesigning machinery components
b. Gathering insights from stakeholders d. Resolving conflicts in team meetings
4. How did the team address the discrepancy in the proposed design?
a. Ignoring the issue and moving forward with the original plan c. Redesigning certain components
b. Indicating potential areas of conflict d. Seeking external consultants for advice
5. What led to a clash during the team meeting?
a. Issues with machinery specifications c. Lack of coordination with suppliers
b. Disregard for safety warnings d. Conflicting opinions within the team
6. What was the proposed solution to resolve conflicting issues?
a. Disregard the disagreements and continue with the original design
b. Seek external advice from industry experts
c. Ignore the conflicts and focus on the positive aspects
7. How did the team proceed with the redesign process?
a. Delayed the process for further analysis c. Continued with the initial design despite conflicts
b. Coordinated efforts to fix identified issues d. Disregarded the need for a redesign
8. What does the text suggest about the redesigned machinery?
a. It coordinates poorly with the team's efforts. c. It conflicts with industry regulations.
b. It disregards safety standards. d.It includes a row of enhanced features.
Answers and explanations:
1.Answer: c. Discussing machinery design challenges in engineering
•Explanation: The primary focus of the text is on addressing design challenges in the development of machinery in an engineering context.
2.Answer: a. Lack of coordination within the design team
•Explanation: The text mentions that effective coordination is crucial, and a design issue arose, emphasizing the importance of teamwork.
3.Answer: b. Gathering insights from stakeholders
•Explanation: Correspondence is mentioned in the context of coordinating with various stakeholders, including suppliers and clients, to gather valuable insights.
4.Answer: c. Redesigning certain components
•Explanation: The text states that a proposed solution to the discrepancy was the redesign of certain components to address conflicting issues.
5.Answer: d. Conflicting opinions within the team
•Explanation: The clash during the team meeting is attributed to conflicting opinions within the team regarding the design issues.
6.Answer: a. Disregard the disagreements and continue with the original design
•Explanation: The proposed solution was not to disregard conflicts but to redesign certain components as per updated specifications.
7.Answer: b. Coordinated efforts to fix identified issues
•Explanation: The team decided to proceed with the redesign and instructed team members to fix the identified issues, indicating a coordinated effort.
8.Answer: d. It includes a row of enhanced features.
•Explanation: The text mentions that the redesigned machinery now includes a row of enhanced features, indicating improvements in performance
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