LENG 102 FRESHMAN ENGLISH II EXTENSIVE MATERIALS (Unit 6 pgs:48-49) -2

 

LENG102 FRESHMAN ENGLISH – Extensive supporting material

Unit 6 – Technical development

Vocabulary pp 48-49 – Suggesting ideas and solutions

The definitions and sample sentences:

1.Ingenious (adj) / Zekice; dahiyane

•English Definition: Cleverly inventive and resourceful.

•Turkish Definition: Akıllıca buluşçu ve kaynakça zengin.

•Sample Sentence: "The engineer's ingenious solution significantly reduced the project's cost."

•Turkish Translation: "Mühendisin zekice çözümü, projenin maliyetini önemli ölçüde azalttı."

2.Brainstorming (n) / Beyin Fırtınası

•English Definition: A group problem-solving technique that involves the spontaneous contribution of ideas from all members of the group.

•Turkish Definition: Grup üyelerinin hepsinin fikirlerini spontane şekilde katkıda bulunduğu bir grup problem çözme tekniği.

•Sample Sentence: "During the brainstorming session, we came up with several innovative designs."

•Turkish Translation: "Beyin fırtınası oturumunda, birkaç yenilikçi tasarım ortaya koyduk."

3.Progressively (adv) / Aşamalı olarak

•English Definition: Advancing in steps or degrees.

•Turkish Definition: Adımlar halinde veya dereceler içinde ilerleyen.

•Sample Sentence: "The software updates progressively improved the system's performance."

•Turkish Translation: "Yazılım güncellemeleri, sistemin performansını aşamalı olarak iyileştirdi."

4.Continually (adv) / Sürekli olarak

•English Definition: Repeated frequently in the same way; continuously.

•Turkish Definition: Aynı şekilde sık sık tekrarlanan; sürekli.

•Sample Sentence: "The team continually tests the product to ensure its quality."

•Turkish Translation: "Ekip, ürünün kalitesini garanti altına almak için sürekli olarak test eder."

5.Carve (v) / Oymak

•English Definition: To cut (a hard material) in order to produce an object, shape, or design.

•Turkish Definition: Bir nesne, şekil veya tasarım üretmek için (sert bir malzemeyi) kesmek.

•Sample Sentence: "The artist carved a beautiful sculpture from a single block of marble."

•Turkish Translation: "Sanatçı, tek bir mermer bloğundan güzel bir heykel oydu."

6.Carving (n) / Oyma

•English Definition: The act or craft of shaping something by cutting it from a material.

•Turkish Definition: Bir şeyi bir malzemeden keserek şekillendirme işi veya sanatı.

•Sample Sentence: "The museum displayed ancient carvings that were centuries old."

•Turkish Translation: "Müze, yüzyıllar öncesine ait antik oymalar sergiledi."

7.Statue (n) / Heykel

•English Definition: A sculpture representing a person or animal, typically made of metal, stone, or other durable material.

•Turkish Definition: Tipik olarak metal, taş veya diğer dayanıklı malzemelerden yapılmış bir kişi veya hayvanı temsil eden bir heykel.

•Sample Sentence: "The statue in the park is a tribute to the city's founder."

•Turkish Translation: "Parktaki heykel, şehrin kurucusuna bir saygı duruşudur."

8.Plinth (n) / Kaide

•English Definition: A heavy base supporting a statue or vase.

•Turkish Definition: Bir heykel veya vazoyu destekleyen ağır bir taban.

•Sample Sentence: "The statue was mounted on a marble plinth."

•Turkish Translation: "Heykel, mermer bir kaideye monte edildi."

9.Literally (adv) / Harfiyen; kelimenin tam anlamıyla

•English Definition: In a literal manner or sense; exactly; truely

•Turkish Definition: Harfi harfine veya anlamda; tam olarak; gerçekten.

•Sample Sentence: "The bridge was literally built overnight."

•Turkish Translation: "Köprü gerçekten bir gecede inşa edildi."

10.Soon to be completed (adj) / Yakında tamamlanacak

•English Definition: Referring to something that is near its completion.

•Turkish Definition: Tamamlanmasına yakın bir şeyi ifade eder.

•Sample Sentence: "The new library is soon to be completed and will open next month."

•Turkish Translation: "Yeni kütüphane yakında tamamlanacak ve gelecek ay açılacak."

11.Life-sized (adj) / Gerçek boyutlu

•English Definition: As big as the person or thing it represents.

•Turkish Definition: Temsil ettiği kişi veya şey kadar büyük.

•Sample Sentence: "The exhibition features a life-sized model of a dinosaur."

•Turkish Translation: "Sergi, bir dinozorun gerçek boyutlu bir modelini içeriyor."

12.Oversee (v) / Gözetmek

•English Definition: To watch over and direct; to supervise.

•Turkish Definition: Üzerinde gözlem yapmak ve yönlendirmek; denetlemek.

•Sample Sentence: "The engineer was tasked to oversee the construction project."

•Turkish Translation: "Mühendise inşaat projesini gözetme görevi verildi."

13.Logistics (n) / Lojistik

•English Definition: The detailed coordination of a complex operation involving many people, facilities, or supplies.

•Turkish Definition: Birçok insanı, tesisi veya malzemeyi içeren karmaşık bir operasyonun ayrıntılı koordinasyonu.

•Sample Sentence: "The company excels in logistics, ensuring that products are delivered on time."

•Turkish Translation: "Şirket, ürünlerin zamanında teslim edilmesini sağlayarak lojistikte mükemmeldir."

14.Figure out (v) / Çözmek

•English Definition: To understand or solve something.

•Turkish Definition: Bir şeyi anlamak veya çözmek.

•Sample Sentence: "The engineers figured out a way to increase the efficiency of the engine."

•Turkish Translation: "Mühendisler, motorun verimliliğini artırmanın bir yolunu buldular."

15.Sling (n) / Askı; kayış

•English Definition: A band or strap used for lifting or carrying heavy objects.

•Turkish Definition: Ağır nesneleri kaldırmak veya taşımak için kullanılan bir bant veya kayış.

•Sample Sentence: "They used a sling to lift the heavy beam onto the truck."

•Turkish Translation: "Ağır kirişi kamyonun üzerine kaldırmak için bir askı kullandılar."

16.Crane (n) / Vinç

•English Definition: A large, tall machine used for moving heavy objects by suspending them from a projecting arm or beam.

•Turkish Definition: Ağır nesneleri bir kola veya kirişe asarak hareket ettirmek için kullanılan büyük, uzun bir makine.

•Sample Sentence: "The crane lifted the steel beams to the top of the building."

•Turkish Translation: "Vinç, çelik kirişleri binanın tepesine kaldırdı."

17.Jib (n) / Kol

•English Definition: The projecting arm of a crane.

•Turkish Definition: Bir vincin uzayan kolu.

•Sample Sentence: "The jib of the crane swung over the construction site."

•Turkish Translation: "Vincin kolu inşaat alanının üzerine sallandı."

18.Grab (n) / Kavrama

•English Definition: A mechanical device or tool for grasping or holding objects.

•Turkish Definition: Nesneleri kavramak veya tutmak için mekanik bir cihaz veya araç.

•Sample Sentence: "The operator used a grab to lift the cargo from the ship."

•Turkish Translation: "Operatör, kargoyu gemiden kaldırmak için bir kavrama kullandı."

19.Get trapped (v) / Sıkışmak

•English Definition: To become caught or ensnared in something from which it is difficult to escape.

•Turkish Definition: Kaçışı zor olan bir şeyde yakalanmak veya tuzağa düşmek.

•Sample Sentence: "The worker got trapped under the collapsed scaffolding."

•Turkish Translation: "İşçi, çöken iskelenin altında sıkıştı."

20.Withdraw (v) / Çekilmek

•English Definition: To remove or take away something from a particular place or situation.

•Turkish Definition: Bir şeyi belirli bir yerden veya durumdan çıkarmak veya almak.

•Sample Sentence: "The workers need to withdraw the belts before getting trapped under the heavy load.”

•Turkish Translation: " işçilerin kayışları ağır yükün altında sıkışmadan önce geri çekmeleri gerekiyor.”

21.Stonemason (n) / Taş ustası

•English Definition: A craftsman who shapes and dresses stones for building.

•Turkish Definition: Bina için taşları şekillendiren ve işleyen bir zanaatkar.

•Sample Sentence: "The stonemason carefully carved the details into the facade."

•Turkish Translation: "Taş ustası, cepheye detayları dikkatlice oydı."

22.Resin (n) / Reçine

•English Definition: A sticky substance that is produced by some trees and plants, used in making plastics and other products.

•Turkish Definition: Bazı ağaçlar ve bitkiler tarafından üretilen, plastikler ve diğer ürünlerin yapımında kullanılan yapışkan bir madde.

•Sample Sentence: "The sculpture was cast in a mould using a special type of resin."

•Turkish Translation: "Heykel, özel bir tür reçine kullanılarak bir kalıpta döküldü."

23.Bar (n) / Çubuk

•English Definition: A long, rigid piece of metal or wood.

•Turkish Definition: Metal veya ahşaptan yapılmış uzun, sert bir parça.

•Sample Sentence: "The bars were used to reinforce the concrete structure."

•Turkish Translation: "Çubuklar, beton yapıyı güçlendirmek için kullanıldı."

24.Lifting eyes (n) / Kaldırma halkaları

•English Definition: Devices attached to objects that allow them to be hooked and lifted with a crane or hoist.

•Turkish Definition: Nesnelere takılan ve onların bir vinç veya kriko ile kancalanıp kaldırılmasını sağlayan cihazlar.

•Sample Sentence: "The heavy equipment was equipped with lifting eyes for easy transportation."

•Turkish Translation: "Ağır ekipman, kolay taşıma için kaldırma halkaları ile donatılmıştı."

25.Drill (v) / Delmek

•English Definition: To make a hole in something with a rotating tool.

•Turkish Definition: Döner bir aletle bir şeyde delik açmak.

•Sample Sentence: "We need to drill holes in the wall for the shelves."

•Turkish Translation: "Raflar için duvarda delikler açmamız gerekiyor."

26.Drill (n) / Matkap

•English Definition: A tool or machine with a rotating cutting tip or reciprocating hammer or chisel, used for making holes.

•Turkish Definition: Delik açmak için dönen kesici uçlu veya gidip gelen çekiçli veya keskili bir alet veya makine.

•Sample Sentence: "The carpenter used a drill to make holes in the wood."

•Turkish Translation: "Marangoz, ahşapta delikler açmak için bir matkap kullandı."

27.Hook (v) / Takmak

•English Definition: To catch or attach something with a hook.

•Turkish Definition: Bir şeyi bir kancayla yakalamak veya takmak.

•Sample Sentence: "You can hook your coat on the rack over there."

•Turkish Translation: "Paltonuzu oradaki askıya takabilirsiniz."

28.Hook (n) / Kanca

•English Definition: A curved or angular piece of metal or other hard substance for catching, pulling, holding, or suspending something.

•Turkish Definition: Bir şeyi yakalamak, çekmek, tutmak veya asmak için metal veya başka sert bir maddeden yapılmış kıvrık veya açılı bir parça.

•Sample Sentence: "The painter hung his brush on the hook."

•Turkish Translation: "Ressam, fırçasını kancaya astı."

29.Filler (n) / Dolgu

•English Definition: A material used to fill gaps or holes, especially in building and construction.

•Turkish Definition: Özellikle inşaat ve yapım işlerinde boşlukları veya delikleri doldurmak için kullanılan bir malzeme.

•Sample Sentence: "The cracks in the wall were repaired with a special filler."

•Turkish Translation: "Duvarlardaki çatlaklar, özel bir dolgu malzemesi ile tamir edildi."

30.Cut off (v) / Kesmek

•English Definition: To remove or separate by cutting.

•Turkish Definition: Keserek çıkarmak veya ayırmak.

•Sample Sentence: "The worker cut off the excess material with a saw."

•Turkish Translation: "İşçi, fazla malzemeyi bir testere ile kesti."

31.Envisage (v) / Öngörmek

•English Definition: To form a mental picture of something; to imagine or anticipate.

•Turkish Definition: Bir şeyin zihinsel bir resmini oluşturmak; hayal etmek veya öngörmek.

•Sample Sentence: "The architects envisaged a modern design for the new building."

•Turkish Translation: "Mimarlar, yeni bina için modern bir tasarım öngördüler."

32.Offload (v) / Boşaltmak

•English Definition: To unload (cargo or goods) from a vehicle, ship, or other carrier.

•Turkish Definition: Bir araçtan, gemiden veya başka bir taşıyıcıdan (yük veya malları) boşaltmak.

•Sample Sentence: "The crew offloaded the supplies at the dock."

•Turkish Translation: "Ekip, malzemeleri iskeleye boşalttı."

33.Intact (adj) / Sağlam

•English Definition: Not damaged or impaired in any way; complete.

•Turkish Definition: Herhangi bir şekilde zarar görmemiş veya bozulmamış; tam.

•Sample Sentence: "Despite the storm, the ship arrived at the harbor intact."

•Turkish Translation: "Fırtınaya rağmen, gemi limana sağlam bir şekilde ulaştı."

34.Slot (n) / Yuva

•English Definition: A long, narrow aperture or slit in a machine for something to be inserted.

•Turkish Definition: Bir şeyin takılabilmesi için bir makinede uzun, dar bir açıklık veya yarık.

•Sample Sentence: "Insert the card into the slot to start the machine."

•Turkish Translation: "Makineyi başlatmak için kartı yuvaya takın."

35.Groove (n) / Oluk

•English Definition: A long, narrow cut or depression in a hard material.

•Turkish Definition: Sert bir malzemede uzun, dar bir kesik veya çukur.

•Sample Sentence: "The carpenter cut grooves into the wood for the shelves."

•Turkish Translation: "Marangoz, raflar için ahşaba oluklar kesti."

36.Spacer (n) / Ayırıcı

•English Definition: A device or piece used to maintain a specified distance between objects.

•Turkish Definition: Nesneler arasında belirli bir mesafeyi korumak için kullanılan bir cihaz veya parça.

•Sample Sentence: "Spacers were used to evenly distribute the tiles on the floor."

•Turkish Translation: "Döşemeleri yerde eşit bir şekilde dağıtmak için ayırıcılar kullanıldı."

37.To be subjected to (v) / Maruz kalmak

•English Definition: To be exposed or made to undergo something.

•Turkish Definition: Bir şeye maruz kalmak veya bir şeyi geçirmek zorunda olmak.

•Sample Sentence: "The material is subjected to extreme temperatures during the test."

•Turkish Translation: "Malzeme, test sırasında aşırı sıcaklıklara maruz kalır."

38.Fragility (n) / Kırılganlık

•English Definition: The quality of being easily broken or damaged.

•Turkish Definition: Kolayca kırılabilen veya zarar görebilen olma özelliği.

•Sample Sentence: "The fragility of the ancient vase required careful handling."

•Turkish Translation: "Antik vazonun kırılganlığı, dikkatli bir şekilde ele alınmasını gerektirdi."

39.Fragile (adj) / Kırılgan

•English Definition: Easily broken or damaged.

•Turkish Definition: Kolayca kırılan veya zarar gören.

•Sample Sentence: "Handle the glassware; it's very fragile."

•Turkish Translation: "Cam eşyaları dikkatli kullanın; çok kırılgandır."

40.Technical possibility (n) / Teknik olasılık

•English Definition: The feasibility of something based on technical factors or considerations.

•Turkish Definition: Teknik faktörler veya düşünceler temelinde bir şeyin uygulanabilirliği.

•Sample Sentence: "The technical possibility of the new invention excited the engineers."

•Turkish Translation: "Yeni icadın teknik olasılığı mühendisleri heyecanlandırdı."

READING

Read the the text below and answer the questions (B1 level):

“Solving the Bridge Challenge”

In the small town of Rivertown, the old bridge connecting the two parts of the town over the river was showing signs of wear and tear. The local council decided it was time to address this engineering challenge. They called upon a team of ingenious engineers to come up with a solution that was both effective and feasible.

The team started with a brainstorming session. Each member contributed ideas spontaneously, aiming to find a creative yet practical way to replace the old bridge. They discussed various technical possibilities, considering the fragility of the existing structure and the logistics of building a new one without disrupting the daily life of Rivertown's residents.

One engineer suggested using a life-sized model to envisage the new bridge's design. This idea was soon to be completed with the help of 3D printing technology, allowing the team and the council to see a physical representation of the proposed solution.

As the project progressed, the team worked continually to ensure that every aspect of the bridge's construction was overseen with great care. They decided to use resin and metal bars to reinforce the structure, making it more resilient than the old bridge. Special attention was given to the design of the plinth and the statue that would stand at the entrance of the bridge, serving as a tribute to Rivertown's history.

To ensure the safety and durability of the bridge, the engineers subjected the materials to rigorous testing. They drilled into samples to check their strength and used spacers to test the load distribution. Every step was meticulously planned and executed, from the carving of decorative elements to the installation of lifting eyes for the heavy components.

The project was a technical challenge that required the team to figure out innovative solutions for every problem they encountered. They had to cut off parts that didn't fit, withdraw plans that were not feasible, and offload materials carefully to keep everything intact.

Thanks to the team's hard work and creativity, the new bridge was completed on schedule. The crane, with its long jib, placed the final piece of the structure, and the grab was used for the last time to remove the construction debris. The town celebrated as the bridge was opened, marking a new chapter in Rivertown's history.

The success of the Rivertown bridge project was a testament to the power of engineering ingenuity and teamwork. It showed how, by continually seeking solutions and being prepared to adapt and refine ideas, engineers can overcome challenges and make a lasting impact on their communities.

1. Why did the town council need to address the old bridge?

(a) It was too expensive to maintain.               (b) It was no longer safe for use.

(c) It didn't match the town's aesthetics.          (d) It couldn't handle the increasing traffic.

2. What was the main goal of the brainstorming session?

(a) To collect donations for the new bridge.           (b) To criticize the existing bridge design.

(c) To generate ideas for the new bridge.               (d) To choose a construction company for the project.

3. What helped the team visualize the new bridge design?

(a) A life-sized model created with 3D printing.          (b) Hand-drawn sketches and models.

(c) Photographs of similar bridges from other towns.   (d) Detailed computer simulations.

4. What materials were used to reinforce the new bridge structure?

(a) Wood and concrete    (b) Resin and metal bars   (c) Steel beams and rivets     (d) Stone and bricks

5. What was the purpose of the statue at the entrance of the bridge?

(a) As a tribute to Rivertown's history.          (b) To collect tolls.         (c) To generate electricity.                                                                      (d) To monitor traffic.

6. What was the purpose of using spacers during testing?

(a) To measure the bridge's weight capacity.        (b) To test the strength of the decorative elements.

(c) To check the stability of the foundation.         (d) To distribute the load evenly across the structure.

7. What happened when the team encountered problems during construction?

(a) They stopped the project and started over.      (b) They ignored the problems and continued building.

(c) They adapted their plans and found solutions.  (d) They asked for help from a different engineering                                                                                         team.

8. How was the final piece of the bridge structure placed?

(a) By hand, using ropes and pulleys.                         (b) With a crane equipped with a long jib.

(c) By lowering it slowly into position with a barge.   (d) Using a helicopter to transport it to the                                                                                                       desired  location.

ANSWERS and EXPLANATIONS

1. Answer: (b) It was no longer safe for use.

•Explained in the first sentence: "the old bridge connecting the two parts of the town over the river was showing signs of wear and tear."

2. Answer: (c) To generate ideas for the new bridge.

•Mentioned in the second paragraph: "They started with a brainstorming session... aiming to find a creative yet practical way to replace the old bridge."

3. Answer: (a) A life-sized model created with 3D printing.

•Described in the third paragraph: "One engineer suggested using a life-sized model... soon to be completed with the help of 3D printing technology."

4. Answer: (b) Resin and metal bars.

•Stated in the fourth paragraph: "They decided to use resin and metal bars to reinforce the structure..."

5. Answer: (a) As a tribute to Rivertown's history.

•Mentioned in the fourth paragraph: “Special attention was given to the design of the plinth and the statue that would stand at the entrance of the bridge, serving as a tribute to Rivertown's history.”

6. Answer: (d) To distribute the load evenly across the structure.

•The purpose of spacers is explained in the fifth paragraph: "...using spacers to test the load distribution."

7. Answer: (c) They adapted their plans and found solutions.

•Described in the sixth paragraph: "The project was a technical challenge... They had to cut off parts... withdraw plans... and offload materials carefully..."

8. Answer: (b) With a crane equipped with a long jib.

•The final placement is described in the last paragraph: "The crane, with its long jib, placed the final piece..."

Instructions: Fill in the blanks in the text with the most appropriate vocabulary word from the list below.

Words: a.lifting eyes    b.crane     c. resin     d. logistics    e. oversee    f. carve    g. plinth    h. filler                                i. jib      j. life-sized     k. figure out      l. brainstorming

The old bridge was showing its age, so the town council decided to build a new one. A team of ingenious engineers gathered for a ______ (1) session to come up with ideas. They wanted to create a design that was both beautiful and functional.

One idea was to ______ (2) a statue of the town founder onto a granite ______ (3). Another idea was to use a ______ (4) model to visualize the bridge in detail. This would help them ______ (5) any potential problems before construction began.

The construction process itself was a complex undertaking. The team had to ______ (6) the delivery of materials, manage the ______ (7) of a large workforce, and ensure that everything was built to code. They used a ______ (8) with a long ______ (9) to lift heavy beams into place. Special ______ (10) were attached to the beams for safe lifting.

The engineers also used ______ (11) to reinforce the structure and ______ (12) to fill in any gaps. They were careful to cut off nothing that could compromise the bridge's integrity.

Finally, the day arrived to offload the last piece of the bridge. The crowd cheered as the crane carefully lowered it into place. The new bridge was intact, a testament to the hard work and ingenuity of the team. It would stand for generations to come, a symbol of the town's progress.

Answers: 1. l - brainstorming 2. carve - f 3. plinth - g 4. life-sized - j 5. figure out - k 6. oversee - e 7. logistics – d 8. crane - b 9. jib - i 10. lifting eyes - a 11. resin - c 12. filler - h

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT STUDENT LIST FOR LENG 102 FRESHMAN COURSE (S 11 Inst.Ali Toslak)

 

LENG 102 FRESHMAN ENGLISH II EXTENSIVE MATERIALS (UNIT 6 pgs:46-47) 1

 

LENG102 FRESHMAN ENGLISH – Extensive supporting material

Unit 6 – Technical development

Vocabulary pp 46-47 – Discussing technical requirements

The definitions and sample sentences:

1.Feasibility (n) / Fizibilite

•English Definition: The study of how possible or worthwhile it is to complete a project or task.

•Turkish Definition: Bir projenin veya görevin ne kadar mümkün veya değerli olduğunun incelenmesi.

•Sample Sentence: "Before starting the construction, the engineers conducted a feasibility study to ensure the project was viable."

•Turkish Translation: "İnşaata başlamadan önce, mühendisler projenin uygulanabilir olup olmadığını garanti altına almak için bir fizibilite çalışması yürüttüler."

2.Needs Analysis (n) / İhtiyaç Analizi

•English Definition: The process of identifying and evaluating the needs of a system or project.

•Turkish Definition: Bir sistem veya projenin ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi süreci.

•Sample Sentence: "The team carried out a needs analysis to determine the requirements for the new software."

•Turkish Translation: "Ekip, yeni yazılımın gereksinimlerini belirlemek için bir ihtiyaç analizi gerçekleştirdi."

3.Installation (n) / Kurulum

•English Definition: The process of setting up equipment or software to make it operational.

•Turkish Definition: Ekipmanı veya yazılımı çalışır duruma getirmek için kurma işlemi.

•Sample Sentence: "The technician completed the installation of the new server smoothly."

•Turkish Translation: "Teknisyen yeni sunucunun kurulumunu sorunsuz bir şekilde tamamladı."

4.Layout (n) / Düzen

•English Definition: The arrangement or plan of something, such as machinery or equipment.

•Turkish Definition: Makine veya ekipman gibi bir şeyin düzenlenmesi veya planı.

•Sample Sentence: "The factory layout was designed to optimize the production process."

•Turkish Translation: "Fabrika düzeni, üretim sürecini optimize etmek için tasarlandı."

5.Regulations (n) / Yönetmelikler

•English Definition: Rules or directives made and maintained by an authority.

•Turkish Definition: Bir otorite tarafından yapılan ve sürdürülen kurallar veya yönergeler.

•Sample Sentence: "All engineering projects must comply with local safety regulations."

•Turkish Translation: "Tüm mühendislik projeleri yerel güvenlik yönetmeliklerine uygun olmalıdır."

6.Physical (adj) / Fiziksel

•English Definition: Relating to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete.

•Turkish Definition: Zihnin aksine duyular aracılığıyla algılanan şeylerle ilgili; somut veya elle tutulur.

•Sample Sentence: "Engineers must consider the physical properties of materials in their designs."

•Turkish Translation: "Mühendisler, tasarımlarında malzemelerin fiziksel özelliklerini göz önünde bulundurmalıdırlar."

7.Perceptible (adj) / Algılanabilir

•English Definition: Able to be seen, heard, or felt; noticeable.

•Turkish Definition: Görülebilen, duyulabilen veya hissedilebilen; fark edilebilir.

•Sample Sentence: "The change in temperature was perceptible to everyone in the room."

•Turkish Translation: "Odadaki herkes için sıcaklıktaki değişiklik algılanabilir oldu."

8.Variation (n) / Varyasyon

•English Definition: A change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.

•Turkish Definition: Genellikle belirli sınırlar içinde, durumda, miktar veya seviyede bir değişiklik veya fark.

•Sample Sentence: "We observed significant variation in the data collected from different sources."

•Turkish Translation: "Farklı kaynaklardan toplanan verilerde önemli bir varyasyon gözlemledik."

9.Vary (v) / Değişmek

•English Definition: To differ in size, amount, degree, or nature from something else of the same general class.

•Turkish Definition: Aynı genel sınıfa ait başka bir şeyden boyut, miktar, derece veya doğa olarak farklılık göstermek.

•Sample Sentence: "The electrical conductivity of materials can vary depending on their composition."

•Turkish Translation: "Malzemelerin elektrik iletkenliği, bileşimlerine bağlı olarak değişebilir."

10.Considerably (adv) / Önemli Ölçüde

•English Definition: By a notable or significant amount; much.

•Turkish Definition: Kayda değer veya önemli bir miktar; çok.

•Sample Sentence: "The cost of raw materials has increased considerably in the past year."

•Turkish Translation: "Ham madde maliyeti geçen yıl önemli ölçüde arttı."

11.Quantify (v) / Niceliklendirmek

•English Definition: To measure or express the quantity of something.

•Turkish Definition: Bir şeyin miktarını ölçmek veya ifade etmek.

•Sample Sentence: "Engineers need to quantify the energy efficiency of the new design."

•Turkish Translation: "Mühendisler, yeni tasarımın enerji verimliliğini niceliklendirmek zorundadır."

12.Magnitude (n) / Büyüklük

•English Definition: The size, extent, or importance of something.

•Turkish Definition: Bir şeyin boyutu, kapsamı veya önemi.

•Sample Sentence: "The magnitude of the earthquake was measured at 7.2 on the Richter scale."

•Turkish Translation: "Depremin büyüklüğü Richter ölçeğine göre 7.2 olarak ölçüldü."

13.Buffet (v) / Vurmak

•English Definition: To strike repeatedly and violently; to batter.

•Turkish Definition: Tekrar tekrar ve şiddetle vurmak; dövmek.

•Sample Sentence: "The strong winds buffeted the coastal buildings throughout the night."

•Turkish Translation: "Şiddetli rüzgarlar, gece boyunca kıyıdaki binaları sürekli vurdu."

14.Buffeting (n) / Darbe

•English Definition: The action of being struck repeatedly and violently.

•Turkish Definition: Tekrar tekrar ve şiddetle vurulma eylemi.

•Sample Sentence: "The bridge is designed to withstand the buffeting of high winds."

•Turkish Translation: "Köprü, yüksek rüzgarların darbelerine dayanacak şekilde tasarlandı."

15.Jolt (v) / Sarsmak

•English Definition: To move suddenly and violently.

•Turkish Definition: Aniden ve şiddetle hareket etmek.

•Sample Sentence: "The sudden stop jolted the passengers forward."

•Turkish Translation: "Ani duruş, yolcuları ileri doğru sarsıtı."

16.Jolting (n)/ Sarsıntı

•English Definition: The action of experiencing a sudden and violent movement.

•Turkish Definition: Ani ve şiddetli bir hareketi deneyimleme eylemi.

•Sample Sentence: "The jolting of the vehicle was uncomfortable for the passengers."

•Turkish Translation: "Araçtaki sarsıntı, yolcular için rahatsız ediciydi."

17.Severity (n) / Şiddet

•English Definition: The fact or condition of being severe.

•Turkish Definition: Şiddetli olma durumu veya gerçeği.

•Sample Sentence: "The severity of the storm caused widespread damage."

•Turkish Translation: "Fırtınanın şiddeti yaygın hasara neden oldu."

READING

Read the the text below and answer the questions (B1 level):

Understanding the Technical Requirements of an Engineering Project

When starting an engineering project, it's crucial to assess all the technical requirements to ensure its success. This process involves a detailed needs analysis to identify what the project aims to achieve and the resources required. With regard to the project's goals, engineers must consider various factors, including feasibility, regulations, and physical constraints.

Feasibility and Needs Analysis

The first step in planning an engineering project is to conduct a feasibility study. This helps determine to what extent the project is possible and worthwhile, considering the available resources and the project's goals. A thorough needs analysis follows, identifying the specific requirements the project must meet. This includes everything from the materials needed to the manpower required.

Installation and Layout Planning

Installation of machinery and equipment is a critical phase that requires careful planning. The layout of the project site must be designed to optimize workflow and ensure safety. Engineers must consider the physical characteristics of the site and how equipment will be arranged for maximum efficiency. Regulations play a significant role here, as all installations must comply with local and international standards to ensure safety and efficiency.

Addressing Regulations and Physical Limitations

Every engineering project must adhere to a set of regulations. These rules ensure that the project is safe for both the builders and the end-users. Understanding and incorporating these regulations from the beginning of the project is essential. Additionally, engineers must consider the physical limitations of the project environment. This includes evaluating the strength and durability of materials, as well as the impact of natural forces.

Quantifying and Assessing Variations

In terms of project management, it is important to quantify every aspect of the project. This means measuring the magnitude of resources needed, the variations in material quality, and the potential impact of these variations on the project's outcome. Engineers use this information to determine the degree to which each variable may affect the project, allowing them to make informed decisions and adjustments.

Dealing with Physical Forces

An engineering project is often subject to physical forces that can affect its stability and integrity. This includes buffeting from winds, jolting from seismic activity, and the severity of environmental conditions. Engineers must assess the potential impact of these forces and design structures that can withstand them to ensure the project's longevity and safety.

Conclusion

Regarding the technical requirements of an engineering project, thorough planning and analysis are key. By conducting a detailed feasibility study and needs analysis, considering the layout and installation requirements, adhering to regulations, and assessing physical and environmental impacts, engineers can ensure that the project is completed successfully and safely. Understanding and addressing these aspects with regard to the project's specific context is crucial for its success.

1.What is the first step in planning an engineering project according to the text?

A) Conducting a feasibility study         B) Designing the project layout

C) Installation of machinery                  D) Assessing environmental impacts

2.What does a feasibility study help to determine?

A) The layout of the project site                                     B) How much manpower is required

C) Whether the project is possible and worthwhile        D) The regulations that must be followed

3.What is the purpose of conducting a needs analysis?

A) To ensure the project is safe for end-users

B) To identify the specific requirements of the project

C) To determine the physical limitations of the project environment

D) To measure the magnitude of resources needed

4.Why is layout planning important for the installation phase?

A) To comply with local and international standards     B) To ensure safety and efficiency

C) To optimize workflow and ensure safety                   D) All of the them

5.What role do regulations play in an engineering project?

A) They determine the project's feasibility                B) They plan the layout of the project site

C) They quantify the variations in material quality   D) They ensure the project is safe for builders and                                                                                              end-users

6.How do engineers address physical limitations in a project?

A) By evaluating the strength and durability of materials     B)By conducting a feasibility study

C) By arranging equipment for maximum efficiency         D)By quantifying every aspect of the project

7.What is the importance of quantifying aspects of the project?

A) To adhere to a set of regulations               B) To ensure the project's goals are met

C) To plan the site layout                               D) To make informed decisions and adjustments

8.According to the text, how can engineers ensure a project's longevity and safety?

A) By adhering strictly to international standards only

B) By designing structures that can withstand environmental and physical forces

C) By focusing solely on the needs analysis

D) By conducting a feasibility study at the end of the project

ANSWERS and EXPLANATIONS

1.A) Conducting a feasibility study

•Explanation: The text mentions that the first step in planning an engineering project is conducting a feasibility study to ensure the project is possible and worthwhile.

2.C) Whether the project is possible and worthwhile

•Explanation: A feasibility study is conducted to determine the viability of the project, assessing whether it is possible and worthwhile, as stated in the text.

3.B) To identify the specific requirements of the project

•Explanation: The purpose of a needs analysis, as described in the text, is to identify what the project aims to achieve and the specific requirements it must meet.

4.C) To optimize workflow and ensure safety

•Explanation: Layout planning is crucial for the installation phase to optimize workflow and ensure safety, ensuring that equipment is arranged for maximum efficiency and compliance with safety standards.

5.D) They ensure the project is safe for builders and end-users

•Explanation: Regulations are essential to ensure that the project adheres to safety standards for both the builders and the end-users, as indicated in the text.

6.A) By evaluating the strength and durability of materials

•Explanation: Engineers consider physical limitations by evaluating the strength and durability of materials and the impact of natural forces, ensuring the project's design is robust and durable.

7.D) To make informed decisions and adjustments

•Explanation: Quantifying aspects of the project allows engineers to measure resources needed, variations in material quality, and the potential impact on the project, enabling informed decisions and adjustments.

8.B) By designing structures that can withstand environmental and physical forces

•Explanation: To ensure a project's longevity and safety, engineers need to design structures that can withstand environmental and physical forces, as highlighted in the section discussing the impact of physical forces on engineering projects.

Fill in the blanks in the sentences using the words below.

a. installation b. feasibility c. physical d. considerably e. regulations f. layout g. quantify h. needs analysis i. jolting j. variation

1.Before any construction project begins, a _______ study is essential to evaluate if the project can be successfully completed within budget and time constraints.

2.The engineering team performed a _______ to identify all necessary components for the new bridge design.

3.The _______ of the new computer system took several hours, but it was operational by the end of the day.

4.Optimizing the _______ of machinery in the factory is crucial for maintaining a smooth production line.

5.All buildings must adhere to local _______ to ensure the safety and well-being of their occupants.

6.Engineers need to consider the _______ characteristics of the materials to ensure the structure can withstand environmental stresses.

7.There was a significant _______ in the test results, which prompted further investigation by the research team.

8.The cost of the project has increased _______ due to the rising prices of raw materials.

9.It is important to _______ the energy usage of the building to implement effective conservation strategies.

10.The _______ experienced during the test ride was used to improve the vehicle's suspension system.

Answers: 1. b 2. h 3. a 4. f 5. e 6. c 7. j 8. d 9. g 10. i

A Multidisciplinary Engineering Project Needs Analysis Example

Creating a Needs Analysis example for a multidisciplinary engineering project involves understanding the varied disciplines involved, such as mechanical, electrical, civil, and software engineering, and identifying the specific needs and requirements from each discipline to successfully complete the project. Below is a detailed example of a Needs Analysis that could be applied to such a project:

Needs Analysis for Multidisciplinary Engineering Project: Smart City Infrastructure Development

1. Project Overview: The project aims to develop a smart city infrastructure that integrates advanced technologies into its critical systems, including transportation, utilities, and public services, to improve efficiency, sustainability, and citizen quality of life.

2. Stakeholder Identification:

•City Planners

•Civil Engineers

•Electrical Engineers

•Mechanical Engineers

•Software Engineers

•Environmental Experts

•Local Government Officials

•Residents and Community Groups

3. Needs Identification:

Civil Engineering Needs:

•Analysis of existing infrastructure and its capacity to integrate smart technologies.

•Design requirements for new infrastructure projects (bridges, roads, tunnels) that incorporate smart technology solutions.

•Environmental impact assessments to ensure sustainability goals are met.

Electrical Engineering Needs:

•Design and implementation of smart grid technologies for efficient energy distribution.

•Development of public lighting systems that use energy-efficient technologies and can be controlled remotely.

•Integration of renewable energy sources into the city's power supply.

Mechanical Engineering Needs:

•Development of efficient waste management systems, including automated waste sorting and recycling processes.

•Design of intelligent transportation systems that reduce traffic congestion and improve public transport efficiency.

•Implementation of water supply and sewage treatment systems that optimize water usage and quality.

Software Engineering Needs:

•Development of a centralized software platform that integrates data from various city systems for monitoring and management.

•Creation of mobile applications to provide residents with real-time information on public transportation, utilities, and other city services.

•Implementation of security measures to protect the city's digital infrastructure and citizen data.

Environmental Needs:

•Strategies to minimize the environmental footprint of the new infrastructure, including green building practices and materials.

•Implementation of green spaces and urban forestry projects to improve air quality and provide recreational areas.

•Solutions for reducing the city's overall carbon emissions through transportation, energy use, and waste management innovations.

4. Requirements Analysis: For each identified need, specific requirements must be developed, including technical specifications, regulatory compliance, budget constraints, and timelines. This will involve collaboration among the different engineering disciplines to ensure the project's goals are achievable and aligned with the overall vision for the smart city.

5. Skills and Resources: Identify the skills and resources required to meet the needs, including specialized engineering expertise, technology vendors, construction capabilities, and project management skills.

6. Risk Assessment: Evaluate potential risks to the project, including technological challenges, budget overruns, regulatory hurdles, and environmental impacts. Develop mitigation strategies for each identified risk.

7. Stakeholder Feedback: Engage with stakeholders throughout the needs analysis process to ensure their requirements and concerns are addressed. This will include public consultations, workshops with technical experts, and regular meetings with government officials.

8. Conclusion and Next Steps: Summarize the key findings of the needs analysis and outline the next steps for moving forward with the project, including detailed project planning, design phase initiation, and securing necessary approvals and funding.

This example illustrates the complexity of conducting a Needs Analysis for a multidisciplinary engineering project. It requires a comprehensive understanding of the technical, environmental, and social aspects of the project, as well as close collaboration among various engineering disciplines and stakeholders.